无机盐工业
主管:中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
主办:中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
   中海油炼油化工科学研究院(北京)有限公司
   中国化工学会无机酸碱盐专业委员会
ISSN 1006-4990 CN 12-1069/TQ

无机盐工业 ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 1-8.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0347

• 综述与专论 •    下一篇

废旧锂离子电池正极金属材料回收工艺研究进展

郑天新1(), 杨宇2(), 霍东兴3   

  1. 1.承德应用技术职业学院汽车工程系,河北 承德 067000
    2.华北理工大学综合测试分析中心,河北 唐山 063009
    3.华北理工大学机械工程学院,河北 唐山 063210
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-18 出版日期:2025-06-10 发布日期:2024-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 杨宇(1992— ),男,讲师,博士,主要研究方向为废旧锂离子电池资源化利用研究;E-mail:yyu@ncst.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:郑天新(1993— ),男,讲师,硕士,主要研究方向为废旧锂离子电池有价金属回收研究;E-mail:1079173477@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    华北理工大学青年人才托举计划项目(QNTJ202304)

Research progress on recycling technology of cathode metal materials for used lithium-ion batteries

ZHENG Tianxin1(), YANG Yu2(), HUO Dongxing3   

  1. 1. Department of Automotive Engineering,Chengde Vocational College of Applied Technology,Chengde 067000,China
    2. Comprehensive Testing and Analyzing Center,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063009,China
    3. College of Mechanical Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China
  • Received:2024-06-18 Published:2025-06-10 Online:2024-07-30

摘要:

锂离子电池作为储能装置已经被广泛应用于新能源汽车领域。而在全球能源危机和新能源汽车保有量持续增加的背景下,锂离子电池也开始大量退役,给社会带来巨大的经济压力和环境负担。因此,采用高效、清洁的回收工艺对废旧锂离子电池进行处理已经成为国内外学者的研究重点。从废旧锂离子电池前期预处理、正极材料中有价金属浸出、浸出液中有价金属离子分离3个方面对废旧锂离子动力电池的湿法回收处理工艺进行综述。其中浸出工艺包括酸浸、氨浸和生物浸出工艺;浸出液有价金属分离包括离子交换工艺、溶剂萃取工艺、盐析工艺、化学沉淀工艺和电化学工艺。同时也指明了采用湿法回收工艺回收废旧锂离子电池有价金属的发展方向。

关键词: 废旧锂离子电池, 动力电池, 正极材料, 有价回收, 湿法冶金

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries as energy storage devices have been widely used in the field of new energy vehicles.In the context of the global energy crisis and the continuous increase in the ownership of new energy vehicles,lithium-ion batteries have also begun to retire in large numbers,which has brought huge economic pressure and environmental burden to society.Therefore,the use of efficient and clean recycling process for waste lithium-ion batteries has become the focus of domestic and foreign scholars.In this paper,the wet recovery process of waste lithium-ion power batteries from pre-treatment,leaching of valuable metal ions from cathode materials and separation of valuable metal ions from leaching solution was reviewed.The leaching process included acid leaching,ammonia leaching and biological leaching.The separation of valuable metals from leach solution included ion exchange process,solvent extraction process,salting-out process,chemical precipitation process and electrochemical process.At the same time,it was also pointed out the development direction of using wet recovery process to recover valuable metals of waste lithium ion batteries.

Key words: waste lithium-ion battery, power battery, cathode material, price recovery, hydrometallurgy

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