无机盐工业 ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (12): 1-12.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0234
• 高新技术用高纯无机原料 • 下一篇
收稿日期:
2024-04-26
出版日期:
2024-12-10
发布日期:
2024-12-31
通讯作者:
陈昆峰(1987— ),男,博士,教授,博导,主要研究方向为多尺度晶体材料制备及性能研究;E-mail:kunfeng.chen@sdu.edu.cn。作者简介:
张衡(2000— ),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为铌酸锂晶体材料制备及性能研究;E-mail:2274358663@qq.com。
基金资助:
ZHANG Heng1(), CHEN Kunfeng1(
), XUE Dongfeng2(
)
Received:
2024-04-26
Published:
2024-12-10
Online:
2024-12-31
摘要:
钽铌金属广泛应用于集成电路、航空航天、汽车、超导等领域,是不可或缺的战略材料。首先,介绍了钽铌资源分布、湿法冶金和高纯材料制备的内容,分析了国内外现状。文章指出世界钽铌资源主要分布在巴西、加拿大、澳大利亚和非洲地区等国家,中国钽铌资源品位低难利用,高度依赖进口。钽铌的湿法冶金方法分为碱法、酸法和氯化法,碱法有碱熔法和碱性水热法,酸法有硫酸法和氢氟酸法。而高纯氧化物的制备须经历浸出、萃取、分离提纯、过滤洗涤和煅烧过程。其次,阐述了利用真空电子束熔炼制备高纯钽铌和金属中杂质元素去除的方法,该法可使钽纯度在5 N(99.999%)以上,铌纯度在4 N(99.99%)以上。最后,对高纯钽铌原料在集成电路、人工晶体生长等领域的应用及需求进行了介绍,对高纯钽铌制备技术及产品的国内外企业进行了分析对比,指出了未来高纯钽铌原料发展方向。
中图分类号:
张衡, 陈昆峰, 薛冬峰. 高纯钽铌原料研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(12): 1-12.
ZHANG Heng, CHEN Kunfeng, XUE Dongfeng. Research progress of high purity tantalum niobium[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(12): 1-12.
表1
常见钽铌矿物成分及含量
矿物名称 | 化学式 | w(Ta2O5)/% | w(Nb2O5)/% |
---|---|---|---|
钽铁矿 | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 | 15~86.17 | 2~4 |
铌铁矿 | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 | 1.40 | 10~78.72 |
细晶石 | (Ga,Na,Th,TR)2 (Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,HO,F)7 | 68.4~83.53 | 0~7.7 |
烧绿石(黄绿石) | (Ga,Na,Th,TR)2 (Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,HO,F)7 | 0~5.86 | 37.54~75.12 |
易解石 | (Ce,Th)(Nb,Ti)2O5 | 0~6.9 | 23.8~32.5 |
褐钇铌矿 | (Y,Er,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4 | 2.5~17 | 33.64~47 |
重钽铁矿 | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 | 65.67~83.96 | 1.17~1.37 |
锰钽矿 | (Ta,Nb,Sb,Mn,Fe)4O8 | 68.96 | 8.3 |
锡锰钽矿 | (Ta,Nb,Sb,Mn,Fe)O2 | 69.58 | 8.37 |
铈铌钙钛矿 | (Ce,La,Na,Ca,Sr)(Ti,Nb)O3 | 0.75 | 16.15 |
黑稀金矿 | (Y,Ce,Ca,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 | 0~22.53 | 3.83~47.43 |
钛铌钽矿 | (Ti,Ta,Fe,Nb)O2 | 37.65 | 11.32 |
铌铁金红石 | (Ti,Nb,Fe)O2 | 0.39~14.9 | 0.9~42.99 |
表6
国内外高纯钽/铌产品企业信息表
企业名称 | 国家 | 企业简介 | 纯度 |
---|---|---|---|
H.C.Starck | 德国 | 世界钽行业三强之一,是一家在高性能材料领域具有全球领导地位的公司,产品包括钽、铌、钨、钼等 | w(Ta,Nb)≥4N 可定制更高纯度 |
Global Advanced Metal(GAM) | 美国 | 世界钽行业三强之一,运营的Wodgina矿场是世界上最大的已知单一钽矿床,公司提供多种高品质钽铌 | w(Ta)≥4N 可定制更高纯度 |
中色(宁夏)东方集团有限公司 | 中国 | 世界钽行业三强之一,主要从事稀有金属钽、铌、钛及其合金等高技术产品的研发、生产、销售和进出口 | w(Ta):3N5~4N5 w(Nb):3N5、4N |
CBMM | 巴西 | 世界铌产品三大生产商之一,拥有最大铌矿Araxa经营权,是铌相关应用技术开发先驱和行业领导者,铌市场占有率约为75%~85% | w(Nb):≥3N8 可定制更高纯度 |
MagrisResources | 加拿大 | 全球铌产品三大生产商之一,拥有Niobec的经营权,铌市场含占有率约为8%~10% | w(Nb):≥3N 可定制更高纯度 |
洛阳栾川钼业集团有限公司 | 中国 | 世界三大铌产品生产商之一,2016年收购巴西Catalao矿,铌市场占有率约为8%~12% | w(Nb):≥3N 可定制更高纯度 |
有研亿金新材料有限公司 | 中国 | 主要研发、生产和销售集成电路用超高纯金属靶材、稀贵金属功能材料和铂族金属 | w(Ta):4N、4N5 |
宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | 中国 | 创建于2005年,专业从事超大规模集成电路制造用超高纯金属材料及溅射靶材的研发生产 | w(Ta):3N5~5N |
中恒伟创金属材料有限公司 | 中国 | 主要销售钽、铌、钛、锆等金属及常规加工型材,以及舟、坩埚、溅射靶材、镀膜靶材、机加件等深加工制品 | w(Ta):≥3N5 w(Nb):3N5 |
威海元素金属新材料科技有限公司 | 中国 | 高纯材料研制开发、销售企业,产品包括溅射靶材、蒸镀材料、高纯金属、半导体材料、贵金属材料等 | w(Ta):3N5~4N w(Nb):4N~5N |
丰联科光电(洛阳)股份有限公司 | 中国 | 成立于2001年,是专业从事电子信息靶材、难熔金属材料及深加工制品的生产、研发和销售的高新技术企业 | w(Nb):≥3N5 |
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