基于表面改性石墨毡复合材料的超级电容器研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0219

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

石墨毡（GF）作为传统电极材料，虽然具有独特三维多孔结构和良好的导电性，但存在表面润湿性差、电化学活性不够等固有缺陷。为此，研究者聚焦于利用物理、化学、电化学等多种方法通过引入特定的官能团或纳米结构活化石墨毡基底，从而制备出具有优异性能的复合电极材料，在高效储能领域展现出广阔的应用前景。在介绍石墨毡特性及储能机制基础上，重点综述了石墨毡表面沉积过渡金属化合物、导电聚合物与碳质材料的改性优势，以及采取杂原子（O、S、N等）掺杂，调变GF表面润湿性、电导率和电催化活性，从而突出GF复合材料在可穿戴设备及轻量化储能装置中的应用前景。同时，也指出GF复合材料在制备工艺精确调控中面临的挑战。未来随着材料科学、表面处理技术和电化学理论的不断发展，GF表面改性有望催生更多创新技术，为超级电容器的商业化应用提供理论支撑。

关键词: 石墨毡, 表面改性, 超级电容器, 碳材料

Abstract:

As a traditional electrode material，graphite felt（GF） has a unique three-dimensional porous structure and good electrical conductivity，however，it has inherent defects such as poor surface wettability and insufficient electrochemical activity.To address these problems，the researchers focused on the activation of the graphite felt substrate by introducing specific functional groups or nanostructures using physical，chemical and electrochemical methods in order to develop composite electrode materials with superior properties for applications in the field of efficient energy storage.Based on the introduction of graphite felt characteristics and energy storage mechanism，the modification advantages of transition metal compounds，conducting polymers and carbonaceous materials on GF substrates，and doping with heteroatoms（O，S，N，etc.） to regulate the surface wettability，conductivity and electrocatalytic activity of GF were reviewed.Furthermore，the application prospect of GF composite materials in wearable devices and lightweight energy storage devices was highlighted.Meanwhile，it was also pointed out the challenges of GF composites in the precise regulation of the preparation process.In the future，with the continuous development of material science，surface treatment technology and electrochemical theory，GF surface modification was expected to emerge more innovative technologies and provide theoretical support for the commercial application of supercapacitors.

Key words: graphite felts, surface modification, supercapacitors, carbon materials

中图分类号:

TM53

王智禹, 宋坤, 沈苗, 申娉, 肖沛瑶, 杨春明. 基于表面改性石墨毡复合材料的超级电容器研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(4): 11-21.

WANG Zhiyu, SONG Kun, SHEN Miao, SHEN Ping, XIAO Peiyao, YANG Chunming. Research progress of supercapacitors based on surface modified graphite felt composite materials[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(4): 11-21.

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掺杂物质	电流密度	比电容
O原子^［32］	15 mA/cm²	3.34 F/cm²
O原子^［33］	23 mA/g	205 F/g
N原子^［34］	0.1 A/g	222 F/g
GR分散体^［36］	20 mA/g	8.67 F/g
CNT^［37］	1 A/g	316 F/g
生物质炭^［38］	1 A/g	255 F/g
PPy^［40］	0.5 A/cm²	527.5 mF/cm²
PHQ^［41］	0.08 mA/cm²	129.4 F/m²
PPy^［42］	0.25 A/g	190 F/g
MnO₂^［44］	1.4 mA/cm²	832 mF/cm²
NiCo₂O₄^［45］	2 mA/g	243.1 mA∙h/g
Co₂（OH）₂CO₃与Ni-P^［46］	1 mA/cm²	1 360 mF/cm²
Co（OH）₂与Ni（OH）₂^［47］	5 mA/cm²	567.6 F/g
MXene （Ti₃C₂T _x ）^［48］	0.25 A/g	55.4 F/g
MnCo氧化物^［49］	2 A/g	854 F/g
FePO₄与PANI^［50］	1 mA/cm²	2 606.8 mF/cm²
V₂O₅与PIn^［51］	1 mA/cm²	2 254 mF/cm²
Co²⁺掺杂PANI^［52］	0.2 A/g	562 F/g
PPy与MnO₂^［53］	0.5 A/g	821.3 F/g
PPy与NiCoSe₂^［54］	0.025 A/cm³	5.21 F/cm³
GR与MnO₂^［55］	4 A/g	129 F/g

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