无机盐工业
主管:中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
主办:中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
   中海油炼油化工科学研究院(北京)有限公司
   中国化工学会无机酸碱盐专业委员会
ISSN 1006-4990 CN 12-1069/TQ

无机盐工业 ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (5): 31-38.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2023-0387

• 研究与开发 • 上一篇    下一篇

锂离子电池多孔硅负极材料制备及工艺优化

赵添婷1(), 朱德伦2, 杨林1, 周鑫磊1   

  1. 1.台州职业技术学院,浙江 台州 318000
    2.上海大学,上海 200444
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-26 出版日期:2024-05-10 发布日期:2024-05-15
  • 作者简介:赵添婷(1994— ),女,硕士研究生,主要从事锂离子电池与器件的研究;E-mail:ztt94942022@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    台州市工业类科技计划项目(21gyb28);浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y202250304)

Preparation and process optimization of porous silicon anode materials for lithium-ion battery

ZHAO Tianting1(), ZHU Delun2, YANG Lin1, ZHOU Xinlei1   

  1. 1.Taizhou Vocational and Technical College,Taizhou 318000,China
    2.Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China
  • Received:2023-07-26 Published:2024-05-10 Online:2024-05-15

摘要:

为了有效改善硅基负极材料的性能及降低制备成本,以微米级单质硅为原料,通过金属辅助化学刻蚀法制备多孔硅负极材料,该方法步骤简单可控、成本低廉,易于大规模生产。采用场发射扫描电镜和电池测试系统,对比分析不同工艺参数下制得的硅负极材料的形貌和性能差异,从而进行工艺优化,并得出较优的工艺参数:AgNO3浓度约为0.015 mol/L、伽伐尼反应时间选择1~4 min、刻蚀剂中CHF/(CH2O2+CHF)为70%~90%。在合适的工艺参数下制备的多孔硅负极材料电化学性能明显优于硅负极材料,在0.5C倍率下循环50次后容量仍有1 130.7 mA·h/g,在2C、5C的倍率下仍有929、669 mA·h/g的较高比容量。该方法得到的多孔硅负极材料能够有效缓解单质硅负极材料体积膨胀严重和导电性差的问题,从而有效提高其电化学性能。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 负极材料, 多孔硅, 金属辅助化学刻蚀

Abstract:

In order to improve the performance of silicon-based anode materials and reduce the preparation cost,porous silicon anode materials were prepared by metal-assisted chemical etching method using micron-grade silicon as raw material.The method showed the advantages of simple and controllable steps,low cost and easy large-scale generation.By means of field emission scanning electron microscopy and battery testing system,the morphology and properties of silicon anode materials prepared under different process parameters were compared and analyzed,so as to optimize the process.The results showed that the optimum technological parameters were as follows:AgNO3 concentration was about 0.015 mol/L,reaction time of Galvani was 1~4 min,the CHF/(CH2O2+CHF) in etching agent was 70%~90%.The electrochemical performance of porous silicon anode material prepared under suitable process parameters was obviously superior to that of silicon anode material.After 50 cycles at 0.5C,the capacity of porous silicon anode material was still 1 130.7 mA·h/g.Under 2C and 5C rate tests,there were still high specific capacities of 929 and 669 mA·h/g,respectively.The results showed that porous silicon anode materials could effectively alleviate the bulk expansion and poor conductivity of the monomeric silicon anode materials,thus effectively improving its electrochemical properties.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, anode material, porous silicon, metal-assisted chemical etching

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