退役锂离子电池正极材料直接回收的研究现状和展望

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0597

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球各国大力发展新能源汽车产业，以锂离子电池（LIBs）为主的动力电池数量急剧增长。然而，LIBs的使用寿命有限，早期装机的LIBs在近几年已达到其退役要求。大量的退役电池亟需有效地回收处理，否则会对环境和人类造成危害，同时导致贵金属资源的流失。传统的电池回收技术以火法和湿法回收为主，能够实现对退役LIBs各种成分的精细化回收及再利用，但通常污染大、能耗高、回收周期长。因此，亟需开发绿色、节能、高效的LIBs回收技术。近年来，新兴的电池材料直接回收技术因工艺简单、碳排放少、能耗低、回收周期短等优势而备受关注。综述了目前主流的正极材料直接回收技术及其优缺点，分析了其在低成本、低能耗等方面的贡献，并对正极材料的功能化及LIBs闭环回收的最新进展做了介绍。最后，展望了退役LIBs正极材料及其他组分回收再利用的前景和发展趋势，旨在为电池回收领域研究提供参考。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 正极材料, 直接回收, 功能化, 闭环回收

Abstract:

As countries around the world are vigorously developing the new energy vehicle industry，the number of power batteries，mainly of lithium-ion batteries（LIBs），has increased rapidly.However，LIBs have limited lifespan，and the early installed LIBs have met their retired requirements in recent years.There is an urgent need for effective recycling of the large number of decommissioned batteries，which would otherwise cause issues to the environment and human beings，as well as lead to the loss of precious metal resources.Traditional battery recycling technologies，mainly of pyrometallurgy or hydrometallurgy，can realize the fine recovery and reuse of various components of retired LIBs，but are usually polluting，energy intensive and long recovery cycle.Therefore，it is urgent to develop green，energy-saving and efficient LIBs recycling technology.In recent years，the emerging direct regeneration technology has attracted much attention due to its advantages of simple process，low carbon emission，low energy consumption and short recycling cycle.The several current mainstream direct regeneration technologies for cathode materials and their advantages and disadvantages were reviewed，their contributions in term of low cost and low energy consumption were analyzed and the functionalization of cathode materials and the latest development of LIBs closed-loop recycling was introduced.Finally，the prospects and development trends of the recycling of retired LIBs cathode materials and other components were forecasted，aiming to provide a reference for the field of battery recycling.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, cathode material, direct regeneration, functionalization, closed-loop recycling

中图分类号:

TQ131.11

唐迪,王俊雄,陈稳,季冠军,马骏,周光敏. 退役锂离子电池正极材料直接回收的研究现状和展望[J]. 无机盐工业, 2023, 55(1): 15-25.

TANG Di,WANG Junxiong,CHEN Wen,JI Guanjun,MA Jun,ZHOU Guangmin. Research status and prospect on direct regeneration of cathode materials from retired lithium-ion batteries[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(1): 15-25.

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