化工行业废盐产生现状及资源化利用研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0774

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国化工行业废盐总量大、来源广且难处理，研究废盐的资源化利用具有重要意义。综述了化工废盐的来源、分类及性质，列举了当前废盐处理处置政策和所面临的问题。重点讨论了农药、医药、印染、煤化工、环氧树脂等五大废盐高产行业对其产生废盐的相关处置技术和研究进展。提出了依据行业不同进行分类资源化利用，提高有机物去除率和化工反应转化效率，以及实现源头减排和原料回收再利用等处理处置新思路，以期为相关行业废盐资源化利用提供一定的参考。

关键词: 化工废盐, 处理处置, 资源化利用

Abstract:

The amount of waste salt in China is large，the source is wide and difficult to be treated，so it is of great significance to study the recycling and disposal of waste salt.The sources，classification and properties of chemical waste salt were summarized，and the current treatment and disposal policies and problems of waste salt were listed.The disposal technology and research progress of waste salt in pesticide，medicine，printing and dyeing，coal chemical industry and epoxy resin five high-yield industries were discussed.In order to provide some reference for the recycling of waste salt in related industries，the new ideas of classifying resource utilization according to different industries，improving the removal rate of organic matter and conversion efficiency of chemical reaction，and realizing source emission reduction and raw material recovery and reuse were put forward.

Key words: chemical waste salt, treatment and disposal, resource utilization

中图分类号:

TQ09

高润,殷进,张楠,高婷,刘瑞勇. 化工行业废盐产生现状及资源化利用研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2022, 54(11): 25-31.

GAO Run,YIN Jin,ZHANG Nan,GAO Ting,LIU Ruiyong. Current situation of waste salt generation and research progress on resource utilization in chemical industry[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(11): 25-31.

图/表 1

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资源化利用技术		优点	缺点
热处理法	高温熔融法^[20]	有效破坏有机组分；无机盐回收组分纯度高	熔融盐流动性差，能耗高；国内尚无工程案例
热处理法	热解法^[21-22]	还原性气氛下进行，不易产生二次污染物；工艺简单，适应性强	盐在热解炉表面易粘壁、结垢；设备易被堵塞、腐蚀；废盐前期需进行相应检测且温度要求严苛，一次投资费用较大
洗涤分离法^[23]		易操作，费用低；适用于有毒有害化学物质含量少且成分单一的废盐	洗涤水、有机溶剂投加量难控制且易引起二次污染；次生盐渣中有毒有害化学物质的含量不稳定
复分解法^[24]		易操作、成本低	有机物去除困难，工艺流程长
氧化法^[25]		适用于有机物杂质少、易被氧化的废盐；不会引入新的杂质，不易发生二次污染	处理效果与有机物性质相关，通用性差

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