盐湖锂资源高效分离提取技术研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0293

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂资源是国家重要战略资源,其广泛应用于新能源汽车、电子产品、储能等诸多领域。中国锂资源储量丰富,其中盐湖卤水锂资源主要分布在青海与西藏地区,但受制于盐湖卤水自身品位较低、锂盐提取效率低下以及生产能力有限等因素,未能得到有效开发,使得对国外锂产品产生了严重的依赖。因此,为保障中国锂资源持续安全供应,着力突破盐湖提锂技术,探索出更为绿色、高效且低成本的提取技术对盐湖卤水锂资源的利用具有重要意义。系统地介绍了盐湖锂资源概况、盐湖卤水特点以及锂资源高效分离提取的最新研究进展,最后对锂资源分离提取技术的研究重点做出了展望。

关键词: 盐湖, 卤水, 锂资源, 提锂技术

Abstract:

Lithium resources are important national strategic resources,which are widely used in many fields such as new energy vehicles,electronic products,and energy storage.China is rich in lithium resources.Among them,salt lake brine lithium resources are mainly distributed in Qinghai and Tibet.However,due to factors such as the low grade of salt lake brine itself,low extraction efficiency of lithium salt and limited production capacity,it has not been effectively developed,resulting in a serious dependence on foreign lithium products.Therefore,in order to ensure the continuous and safe supply of lithium resources in China,it is of great significance to break through the lithium extraction technology from salt lakes and explore more green,efficient and low-cost extraction technologies for the utilization of lithium resources in salt lake brines.The general situation of lithium resources in salt lakes,the characteristics of salt lake brine,and the latest research progress of efficient separation and extraction of lithium resources were systematically introduced.Finally,the research focus of lithium resources separation and extraction technology was prospected.

Key words: salt lake, brine, lithium resources, lithium extraction technology

中图分类号:

TQ131.11

马珍. 盐湖锂资源高效分离提取技术研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2022, 54(10): 22-29.

MA Zhen. Research progress on efficient separation and extraction technology of lithium resources in salt lakes[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(10): 22-29.

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盐湖	所属开采方	资源量/ 万t	所处阶段	产能/ （t·a^-1）
察尔汗盐湖	青海盐湖蓝科锂业股份有限公司	1 413	生产	30 000
东台吉乃尔盐湖	青海锂业有限公司	110	生产	10 000
西台吉乃尔盐湖	青海中信国安锂业发展有限公司	320	生产	35 000
西藏扎布耶盐湖	西藏矿业发展股份有限公司	184	生产	7 000
一里坪盐湖	五矿盐湖有限公司	157	生产	10 000
西藏龙木措结则茶卡盐湖	西藏城市发展投资股份有限公司	390	生产	约3 000

盐湖	镁锂物质的量比	w （Li⁺）/ %	w （Na⁺）/ %	w （K⁺）/ %	w （Mg²⁺）/ %	分类
察尔汗盐湖	1 577.000	0.003	2.37	1.250	4.890	氯化物型
西台吉乃尔盐湖	65.200	0.031	5.63	0.440	2.020	硫酸盐型
西藏扎布耶盐湖	0.053	0.049	7.29	1.660	0.003	碳酸盐型
一里坪盐湖	61.000	0.021	2.58	0.910	1.280	硫酸盐型
大柴旦盐湖	134.000	0.016	6.92	0.710	2.140	硫酸盐型

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