无机盐工业 ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (2): 14-25.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0233
收稿日期:
2024-04-26
出版日期:
2025-02-10
发布日期:
2024-06-13
通讯作者:
龚鑫(1994— ),女,博士,中级工程师,主要研究方向为石油炼制与化工;E-mail:gongxin3@cnooc.com.cn。作者简介:
范景新(1980— ),男,博士,教授级高工,主要研究方向为工业催化;E-mail:fanjx2@cnooc.com.cn。
基金资助:
FAN Jingxin(), LI Bin, HONG Luwei, HONG Meihua, GONG Xin(
)
Received:
2024-04-26
Published:
2025-02-10
Online:
2024-06-13
摘要:
轻质芳烃苯、甲苯、二甲苯(合称BTX)被广泛应用于橡胶、纺织纤维、药物及香料等大宗产品的合成,是重要的基础有机化工材料。近年来,随着国内石油化工行业蓬勃发展,中国BTX芳烃需求量以每年2%~6%的速度逐年增加,并且对芳烃重整技术环保要求日益严苛,这推动了芳烃重整油脱烯烃剂的不断更新换代。基于此,首先概述了颗粒白土、选择性加氢精制催化剂这两种传统脱烯烃剂的研究现状及存在问题;着重介绍了新兴的分子筛脱烯烃剂的催化、失活机理和工业化应用现状。最后,从分子筛形貌与晶粒尺寸调节、孔道结构调节和酸性调节等三个方面对分子筛改性方法进行了综述,指出未来工业化芳烃连续重整装置用分子筛催化剂的设计和发展方向。
中图分类号:
范景新, 李滨, 洪鲁伟, 洪美花, 龚鑫. 芳烃重整油脱烯烃剂研究现状及展望[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(2): 14-25.
FAN Jingxin, LI Bin, HONG Luwei, HONG Meihua, GONG Xin. Research status and prospects of olefin removal catalyst from aromatic reforming oil[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(2): 14-25.
表1
分子筛催化剂结构特征对脱烯烃反应的影响
分子筛催化剂结构特征 | 对脱烯烃反应的影响 |
---|---|
孔道特征[ | 当芳烃分子尺寸(约为0.7 nm)远大于分子筛孔道直径时,芳烃分子很难进入分子筛孔道,不能参与和烯烃的烷基化反应,因而孔道直径较小的ZSM-5分子筛脱烯烃效果最差 |
分子筛中窄且长的微孔孔道会带来较大的传质阻力,增加大分子产物烷基苯在催化剂上的停留时间;介孔和大孔结构则能够缩短晶内扩散路程,减少大分子传质扩散限制,提高分子筛酸中心的利用率,减缓分子筛的失活速率 | |
酸性质[ | 分子筛的中强B酸是烷基化反应的主要活性中心,L酸中心起辅助作用,B酸强酸位点过多会引发反应分子发生深度聚合,加速分子筛的失活;B酸和L酸的比例关系也会对分子筛的烷基化行为有一定影响 |
形貌与晶粒尺寸[ | 随着分子筛晶粒尺寸的减小,晶体内部的孔道变短,有利于降低传质阻力,缩短大分子物质在分子筛活性位点上的停留时间,减少深度聚合或裂解反应的发生;独特层状结构的二维分子筛能够强化大分子物质在分子筛外表面的传输 |
表3
用于烷基化脱烯烃的常见分子筛催化剂对比
分子筛催化剂 | 主要特点 | 有效改性方案 |
---|---|---|
USY分子筛[ | 孔道直径为0.9 nm,孔道适宜,总酸量高,初始活性较高,易结 焦失活 | 1)通过脱铝改性后处理法增加分子筛介孔的比表面积和孔容;2)通过掺硼改性在分子筛晶内形成连通的介孔结构 |
Beta分子筛[ | 晶粒尺寸为0.42~0.84 nm,孔道尺寸为0.64×0.76 nm,比表面积大,微孔结构丰富,强酸酸量高,初始活性较高,易结焦失活 | 通过脱铝改性后处理法增加分子筛介孔的比表面积和孔 容,提高弱B酸酸量 |
ZSM-5分子筛[ | 孔道尺寸为0.51 nm×0.55 nm,微孔结构丰富、酸性强,容易积 炭且烯烃选择性较低 | 1)通过改性水热合成法减小晶粒尺寸,强化大分子物质的 传质速率;2)通过软模板法,增加介孔孔容和外比表面积 |
MCM-22分子筛[ | 晶粒尺寸为0.40 nm×0.59 nm,孔道尺寸为0.71 nm×1.81 nm,比 表面积大,介孔结构丰富,弱酸含量高,结焦失活慢 | 1)铵离子交换,增加B酸酸量;2)骨架掺杂金属Ce,增加L 酸酸量 |
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