无机盐工业 ›› 2023, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 8-15.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0423
陆大川1(), 顾卫华1,3, 赵静1, 庄绪宁1, 董滨2, 白建峰1(
)
收稿日期:
2022-07-13
出版日期:
2023-05-10
发布日期:
2023-05-15
通讯作者:
白建峰(1978— ),男,教授,博士,主要从事固体废物资源化处置研究;E-mail:jfbai@sspu.edu.cn。作者简介:
陆大川(1999— ),男,硕士研究生,主要从事污泥资源化利用;E-mail:842340850@qq.com。
基金资助:
LU Dachuan1(), GU Weihua1,3, ZHAO Jing1, ZHUANG Xuning1, DONG Bin2, BAI Jianfeng1(
)
Received:
2022-07-13
Published:
2023-05-10
Online:
2023-05-15
摘要:
热解法作为一种新兴的污泥处理技术,因其处理彻底、资源利用率高、污染少且能固化重金属等优点而受到广泛关注。城市污泥的来源、种类、特性等因素都会影响热解残渣的结构和性质,了解城市污泥热解工艺是后续残渣资源化的重要依据。通过对城市污泥热解技术、热解过程的影响因素及重金属迁移行为的概述,分析热解残渣在建筑材料、生物燃料、填埋场覆土、粘合剂以及多孔吸附材料等领域中的应用,并指出进一步探索不同来源和种类的城市污泥热解工艺以及热解残渣的高效利用是未来研究的重点。
中图分类号:
陆大川, 顾卫华, 赵静, 庄绪宁, 董滨, 白建峰. 城市污泥热解影响因素分析及残渣资源化研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2023, 55(5): 8-15.
LU Dachuan, GU Weihua, ZHAO Jing, ZHUANG Xuning, DONG Bin, BAI Jianfeng. Research progress of influencing factors of pyrolysis of municipal sludge and residue recycling[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(5): 8-15.
表1
污泥的不同热解工艺
热解工艺 | 优点 | 缺点 | 仪器 | 温度/℃ | 气体氛围 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
微波辅助 热解法[ | 有效稳定残渣中的重金属,改善废物基质中重金属的结合;具有比传统热解工艺更高的热解效率和安全性 | 处理过程需要添加微波吸收剂(如碳化硅等),能耗高,成本高 | 普通多模微波腔 | 150~800 | 氮气(体积分数为99.995%) |
马弗炉法[ | 有效固定残渣中的重金属;残渣浸出率高于微波法 | 加热过程中金属蒸汽冷凝相对缓 慢,导致较大颗粒沉积在残渣表 面;热解不完全,需要进一步热解 | 马弗炉 | 100~1 800 | 氮气(体积分数为99.9%)、氢气(体积分 数为99.9%) |
等离子体法[ | 使用惰性气体如氩气进行热解,成本低;在电镀污泥方面具有高效性 | 热解过程需要添加大量石英砂,能耗高 | 带有直流转移电弧等离子体炬的反应器 | 0~25 000 | 氩气(体积分数为 99.9%) |
管式炉法[ | 在玻璃管内热解,易于收集液体和气体产物;简单、经济,适用于工业生产 | 对重质原料适用性不高 | 管式炉 | 100~1 800 | 氮气(体积分数为 99.995%)、氦气(体积分数为99.995%)、氢气(体积分数为99.9%) |
表2
不同影响因素的热解效果比较
影响因素 | 产物 | 重金属行为 | 污泥类型 |
---|---|---|---|
温度[ | 温度升高,释放挥发分,生成热解油;然后热解油化学键断裂,生成气体产物;同时存在碳氢化合物等物质的降解 | 温度升高,污泥中F1和F2组分含量下降,F3和F4组分含量上升,从而固定重金属,降低生物利用度 | 好氧活性污泥 |
升温速率[ | 升温速率越快,热解产物(气相产物和固相产物)的产率越小 | 升温速率越快,F1和F2组分含量越多,F3和F4组分含量越少,导致挥发分析出量减少 | 厌氧消化污泥、脱水污泥 |
停留时间[ | 停留时间越长,污泥中生物质分子受热越均匀,挥发分析出量和热解油产量越多 | 停留时间越长,污泥中F1和F2组分含量越少,F3和F4含量越多 | 消化污泥 |
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