无机盐工业 ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 11-20.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2023-0242
杨凤玲1,2(), 乔国鑫1, 杨普2, 任磊1, 王琼3, 吴海滨1,2, 程芳琴1,2
收稿日期:
2023-04-26
出版日期:
2024-02-10
发布日期:
2024-02-06
作者简介:
杨凤玲(1964— ),女,教授级高级工程师;E-mail:yangfl@sxu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
YANG Fengling1,2(), QIAO Guoxin1, YANG Pu2, REN Lei1, WANG Qiong3, WU Haibin1,2, CHENG Fangqin1,2
Received:
2023-04-26
Published:
2024-02-10
Online:
2024-02-06
摘要:
随着中国工业的不断发展,产生了大量的脱硫石膏,目前脱硫石膏的综合利用量虽在逐年增加,但其利用率却在降低,探寻脱硫石膏的高值化利用途径迫在眉睫,其中脱硫石膏资源化利用途径之一是将其脱水转化成α-半水石膏。利用脱硫石膏来制备高性能、高附加值的α-半水石膏,不仅能减轻石膏堆积对环境的污染,减少天然石膏的开采,还能带来新的经济效益。基于此,系统地综述了国内外脱硫石膏制备α-半水石膏的研究现状及影响因素,总结了其生产工艺路径及应用,并对推进脱硫石膏的减量化、资源化利用提出了展望,旨在提高固废利用率,促进“碳中和、碳减排”。
中图分类号:
杨凤玲, 乔国鑫, 杨普, 任磊, 王琼, 吴海滨, 程芳琴. 脱硫石膏制备α-半水石膏研究进展及应用[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(2): 11-20.
YANG Fengling, QIAO Guoxin, YANG Pu, REN Lei, WANG Qiong, WU Haibin, CHENG Fangqin. Research progress and application of α-hemihydrate gypsum preparation from desulfurization gypsum[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(2): 11-20.
表2
α-半水石膏的制备方法对比
制备方法 | 优缺点 | |
---|---|---|
化学 转化法 | 亚硫酸钙强制氧化法 | 成本较高,需在高温下强制通入空气或氧气来进行氧化 |
固相 转化法 | 陈化法 | 制得的产品不均一,强度一般也比较低 |
折衷法 | 简单易操作,但制备过程中易残留羧酸盐,不利于产品的凝结硬化 | |
干闷法 | 能耗较低,但所需设备和生产成本较高且所得产物不纯 | |
蒸压法 | 能耗高,但反应时间短、产率高,易于工业化生产 | |
液相 转化法 | 加压水溶液法 | 生产工艺较复杂且效率较低,能耗成本较高,但产品强度等级很高 |
常压盐溶液法 | 节能、常压、温度低,但此工艺较为复杂 | |
常压醇水法 | 反应条件温和,对设备无腐蚀 | |
反相微乳液法 | 反应条件温和,易于操作 | |
微波 加热法 | 微波脱水法 | 物料整体受热均匀,反应时间短且效率高 |
表3
生成α-半水石膏影响因素对比
影响因素 | 制备方法 | 研究结果 | 总结 |
---|---|---|---|
反应温度 | 蒸压法[ | 生成半水石膏时存在一个相变温度,当温度超过此值时会发生反应进行脱水 | 随着温度的升高,反应时间缩短,生成晶体的速率加快 |
常压盐溶液法[ | 反应温度对产品的晶形有很大的影响 | ||
常压醇水法[ | 随着温度的升高,反应速率加快,反应时间缩短,转化率升高 | ||
盐溶液浓度 | 常压盐溶液法[ | NaCl溶液浓度对反应的影响较大 | 可通过改变溶液浓度调控晶体生长速率 |
常压盐溶液法[ | 当醇质量分数为50%时,二水石膏能较快转化生成半水石膏晶体 | ||
常压盐溶液法[48] | 通过比较Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+的氯盐溶液发现,NaCl最有利于半水石膏的生成 | ||
常压盐溶液法[ | 盐溶液浓度是该方法制备半水石膏的关键因素 | ||
反应时间 | 常压盐溶液法[ | 当反应时间较短时,反应进行较慢,转化率较低,随着反应时间的延长,产物晶形逐渐变为棒状甚至是短柱状 | 主要决定了石膏脱水生成产物的程度,以及生成产物中石膏相态的组成状况 |
常压醇水法[ | 随着时间的延长,生成的α-半水石膏比例增大 | ||
常压盐溶液法[ | 随着丁二酸掺量的增加,样品脱水速率减缓,脱水时间延长 | ||
pH | 常压盐溶液法[ | 随着pH升高,样品脱水速率先快后慢 | 能改变石膏相的溶解度,同时还会影响溶液中的离子电离平衡 |
常压醇水法[ | 随着pH升高,样品脱水速率先快后慢 | ||
常压盐溶液法[ | 通过调控pH来影响丁二酸的电离程度进而影响半水石膏的晶体形貌 | ||
常压盐溶液法[ | 随着pH升高,长棒状α-HH晶体逐渐减少 | ||
转晶剂 | 常压盐溶液法[ | 随着丁二酸掺量的增加,α-半水石膏的长径比降低 | 通过影响晶体的成核、生长情况来调控α-半水石膏的晶体形貌 |
微波加热法[ | 随着Na2SO4掺量的增加,所得晶体长径比先增大后减小 | ||
常压盐溶液法[ | 通过添加不同转晶剂发现,掺加质量分数为0.06%的柠檬酸制得的α-HH强度较高 | ||
加压水溶液法[ | 随着硫酸铝掺量(质量分数为1%~5%)的增加,α-HH晶体长径比减小,反应时间变长 |
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