提升高镍正极材料快充条件下电化学性能研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0360

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电动汽车凭借污染小、能耗低的特性，在现代交通运输中正成为一个重要趋势。但与传统燃油汽车相比，电动汽车由于充电时间较长，降低了其使用的便利性。以高镍三元材料为正极的锂离子电池具有较高的能量密度和倍率性能，满足了电动汽车的长续航里程和快速充电的要求。随着电动汽车的快速发展，深入了解高镍正极材料在快速充电条件下的衰退机制显得尤为重要。在导致高镍正极材料性能衰退的各种因素中，不可逆相变、微裂缝形成和颗粒形态3个因素对容量影响最为显著。为了提升高镍电池性能，采用优化颗粒结构、元素掺杂和表面包覆的方法改善高镍材料被证明是行之有效的方法。总结了高镍正极材料在快充条件下的衰退机制，并阐述了提升材料性能的有效策略，同时对满足快充的高镍材料未来发展方向进行展望。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 高镍正极, 快速充电, 衰退机制, 改性策略

Abstract:

Electric vehicles（EVs） are emerging as a significant trend in modern transportation，primarily due to their low pollution levels and reduced energy consumption.This shift towards electrification is driven by the need to mitigate environmental impacts and enhance energy efficiency.However，one of the major challenges facing EVs is the prolonged charging time，which significantly diminishes their convenience compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles.To address this，lithium-ion batteries（LIBs） utilizing high-nickel ternary materials as cathodes have gained attention for their high energy density and superior rate performance.These characteristics enable EVs to achieve longer driving ranges and accommodate fast-charging capabilities，which are critical for widespread adoption.As the rapid development of EVs continues，a thorough understanding of the degradation mechanisms of high-nickel cathode materials under fast-charging conditions is crucial.Among the factors that lead to performance degradation，irreversible phase transitions，microcrack formation，and particle morphology changes are particularly detrimental to capacity retention.To mitigate these issues and improve the performance of high-nickel cathode batteries，several strategies have been employed，including optimizing particle structure，elemental doping，and surface coating.These approaches have shown promise in enhancing the durability and efficiency of high-nickel materials.The current knowledge on degradation mechanisms and effective modification strategies for high-nickel cathode materials were reviewed，and the future research directions were prospected to further improve their performance under fast-charging conditions.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, Ni-rich cathode, fast-charging operation, degradation mechanism, modification approach

中图分类号:

TQ138.13

党建猛, 张志超, 曹中凯, 李紫萱, 申继学. 提升高镍正极材料快充条件下电化学性能研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(7): 14-23.

DANG Jianmeng, ZHANG Zhichao, CAO Zhongkai, LI Zixuan, SHEN Jixue. Research on improving electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathode materials under fast-charging operation[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(7): 14-23.

图/表 6

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

参考文献 42

[1]	李宗蔓，王靖萱，李柯扬，等.低碳视角下电动车和燃油车居民选择偏好研究热点及发展趋势［J］.时代汽车，2024（6）：177-180.
	LI Zongman， WANG Jingxuan， LI Keyang，et al.Research hotspots and development trends of residents' preferences for electric and fuel vehicles from a low-carbon perspective［J］.Auto Time，2024（6）：177-180.
[2]	贲留斌，武怿达，朱永明，等.一代材料，一代电池：正极材料研究推动锂离子动力电池的升级换代［J］.物理，2022，51（6）：373-383.
	Liubin BEN， WU Yida， ZHU Yongming，et al.A generation of materials，a generation of batteries：Cathode materials can upgrade lithium-ion power batteries［J］.Physics，2022，51（6）：373-383.
[3]	侯顺丽，赵段，周庚，等.高镍三元正极材料镍钴铝的掺杂改性研究进展［J］.无机盐工业，2022，54（8）：40-46.
	HOU Shunli， ZHAO Duan， ZHOU Geng，et al.Research progress on doping modification of high nickel ternary nickel-cobalt-aluminum cathode material［J］.Inorganic Chemicals Industry，2022，54（8）：40-46.
[4]	LI Wangda， ERICKSON E M， MANTHIRAM A.High-nickel layered oxide cathodes for lithium-based automotive batteries［J］.Nature Energy，2020，5：26-34.
[5]	XU Chao， REEVES P J， JACQUET Q，et al.Phase behavior during electrochemical cycling of Ni-rich cathode materials for Li-ion batteries［J］.Advanced Energy Materials，2021，11（7）：2003404.
[6]	MEINTZ A， ZHANG Jiucai， VIJAYAGOPAL R，et al.Enabling fast charging：Vehicle considerations［J］.Journal of Power Sources， 2017，367：216-227.
[7]	LI M， FENG Ming， LUO Dan，et al.Fast charging Li-ion batteries for a new era of electric vehicles［J］.Cell Reports Physical Science，2020，1（10）：100212.
[8]	ZHANG Shengshui.Identifying rate limitation and a guide to design of fast-charging Li-ion battery［J］.InfoMat，2020，2（5）：942-949.
[9]	LIU Yayuan， ZHU Yangying， CUI Yi.Challenges and opportunities towards fast-charging battery materials［J］.Nature Energy，2019，4：540-550.
[10]	SHU Jie， MA Rui， SHAO Lianyi，et al. In-situ X-ray diffraction study on the structural evolutions of LiNi_0.5Co_0.3Mn_0.2O₂ in different working potential windows［J］.Journal of Power Sources，2014，245：7-18.
[11]	LI Jianyu， LI Wangda， WANG Shanyu，et al.Facilitating the operation of lithium-ion cells with high-nickel layered oxide cathodes with a small dose of aluminum［J］.Chemistry of Materials，2018，30（9）：3101-3109.
[12]	WANG Jian， HYUN H J， SEO S J，et al.A kinetic indicator of ultrafast nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes［J］.ACS Energy Letters，2023，8（7）：2986-2995.
[13]	ZOU Lianfeng， ZHAO Wengao， LIU Zhenyu，et al.Revealing cycling rate-dependent structure evolution in Ni-rich layered cathode materials［J］.ACS Energy Letters，2018，3（10）：2433-2440.
[14]	YU Lei， HUANG Yin， HAN Qiaofeng，et al.High cycling rate-induced irreversible TMO6 slabs glide in Co-free high-Ni layered cathode materials［J］.Advanced Functional Materials，2023，33（32）：2301650.
[15]	LIU Hao， WOLFMAN M， KARKI K，et al.Intergranular cracking as a major cause of long-term capacity fading of layered cathod- es［J］.Nano Letters，2017，17（6）：3452-3457.
[16]	HUA Weibo， SCHWARZ B， KNAPP M，et al.（De）Lithiation mechanism of hierarchically layered LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathodes during high-voltage cycling［J］.Journal of the Electrochemical Society，2019，166（3）：A5025-A5032.
[17]	KIM J H， KIM S J，YUK T，et al.Variation of electronic conductivity within secondary particles revealing a capacity-fading mechanism of layered Ni-rich cathode［J］.ACS Energy Letters，2018，3（12）：3002-3007.
[18]	YANG Hua， GAO Ruimin， ZHANG Xudong，et al.Building a self-adaptive protective layer on Ni-rich layered cathodes to enhance the cycle stability of lithium-ion batteries［J］.Advanced Materials，2022，34（38）：2204835.
[19]	MA Su， ZHANG Xiaodong， WU Shumeng，et al.Unraveling the nonlinear capacity fading mechanisms of Ni-rich layered oxide cathode［J］.Energy Storage Materials，2023，55：556-565.
[20]	PARK N Y， KIM M C， HAN S M，et al.Mechanism behind the loss of fast charging capability in nickel-rich cathode materials［J］.Angewandte Chemie International Edition，2024，63（12）：e202319707.
[21]	TANIM T R， YANG Zhenzhen， COLCLASURE A M，et al.Extended cycle life implications of fast charging for lithium-ion battery cathode［J］.Energy Storage Materials，2021，41：656-666.
[22]	TANG Yuxin， ZHANG Yanyan， LI Wenlong，et al.Rational material design for ultrafast rechargeable lithium-ion batteries［J］.Chemical Society Reviews，2015，44（17）：5926-5940.
[23]	JU Peng， Liubin BEN， LI Yang，et al.Designer particle morphology to eliminate local strain accumulation in high-nickel layered cathode materials［J］.ACS Energy Letters，2023，8（9）：3800-3810.
[24]	WANG Xingyuan， ZHANG Bao， XIAO Zhiming，et al.Enhanced rate capability and mitigated capacity decay of ultrahigh-nickel cobalt-free LiNi_0.9Mn_0.1O₂ cathode at high-voltage by selective tungsten substitution［J］.Chinese Chemical Letters，2023，34（7）：107772.
[25]	SUN Y K， MYUNG S T， KIM M H，et al.Synthesis and characterization of Li［（Ni_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1）_0.8（Ni_0.5Mn_0.5）_0.2］ O₂ with the microscale core-shell structure as the positive electrode material for lithium batteries［J］.Journal of the American Chemical Society，2005，127（38）：13411-13418.
[26]	DENG Xianming， ZHANG Rui， ZHOU Kai，et al.A comparative investigation of single crystal and polycrystalline Ni-rich NCMs as cathodes for lithium-ion batteries［J］.Energy & Environmental Materials，2023，6（3）：e12331.
[27]	SUN Y K， CHEN Zonghai， NOH H J，et al.Nanostructured high-energy cathode materials for advanced lithium batteries［J］.Nature Materials，2012，11（11）：942-947.
[28]	PARK G T， SUN H H， NOH T C，et al.Nanostructured Co-free layered oxide cathode that affords fast-charging lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles［J］.Advanced Energy Materials，2022，12（48）：2202719.
[29]	TREVISANELLO E， RUESS R， CONFORTO G，et al.Polycrystalline and single crystalline NCM cathode materials：Quantifying particle cracking，active surface area，and lithium diffusion［J］.Advanced Energy Materials，2021，11（18）：2003400.
[30]	冯准.B/Al/Zr协同策略改善高镍单晶正极材料高温稳定性［J］.无机盐工业，2023，55（8）：59-64，70.
	FENG Zhun.Improvement of high temperature stability of high nickel single crystal cathode materials by B/Al/Zr synergistic strategy［J］.Inorganic Chemicals Industry，2023，55（8）：59-64，70.
[31]	柏祥涛，班丽卿，庄卫东.高镍三元正极材料的包覆与掺杂改性研究进展［J］.无机材料学报，2020，35（9）：972-986.
	BAI Xiangtao， BAN Liqing， ZHUANG Weidong.Research progress on coating and doping modification of nickel rich ternary cathode materials［J］.Journal of Inorganic Materials，2020，35（9）：972-986.
[32]	魏诗诗，侯顺丽，周庚，等.高镍三元材料的掺杂改性研究及展望［J］.化工新型材料，2023，51（3）：58-62.
	WEI Shishi， HOU Shunli， ZHOU Geng，et al.Research and prospect on doping modification of high nickel ternary materials［J］.New Chemical Materials，2023，51（3）：58-62.
[33]	ZHU Huawei， WANG Zhihong， CHEN Ling，et al.Strain engineering of Ni-rich cathode enables exceptional cyclability in pou-ch-type full cells［J］.Advanced Materials，2023，35（9）：2209357.
[34]	PARK N Y， CHO G， KIM S B，et al.Multifunctional doping strategy to develop high-performance Ni-rich cathode material［J］.Advanced Energy Materials，2023，13（14）：2204291.
[35]	叶创新，宛传友，瞿诗霞，等.TiO₂包覆高镍NCM811的电化学性能研究［J］.强激光与粒子束，2024，36（2）：165-170.
	YE Chuangxin， WAN Chuanyou， QU Shixia，et al.Study on the electrochemical performance of TiO₂ coating on high nickel NCM811［J］.High Power Laser and Particle Beams，2024，36（2）：165-170.
[36]	NEGI R S， CULVER S P， MAZILKIN A，et al.Enhancing the electrochemical performance of LiNi_0.70Co_0.15Mn_0.15O₂ cathodes using a practical solution-based Al₂O₃ coating［J］.ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces，2020，12（28）：31392-31400.
[37]	张德柳，张言，王海，等.镁掺杂协同氧化铝包覆优化锂离子电池高镍正极材料［J］.储能科学与技术，2023，12（2）：339- 348.
	ZHANG Deliu， ZHANG Yan， WANG Hai，et al.Optimization of high nickel cathode materials for lithium ion batteries by magnesium doped heterogeneous aluminum oxide coating［J］.Energy Storage Science and Technology，2023，12（2）：339-348.
[38]	赵段，周庚，侯顺丽，等.锂离子电池高镍三元材料的包覆改性研究进展［J］.无机盐工业，2021，53（8）：1-7.
	ZHAO Duan， ZHOU Geng， HOU Shunli，et al.Research progress of coating modification of high nickel ternary materials for lithium-ion batteries［J］.Inorganic Chemicals Industry，2021，53（8）：1-7.
[39]	RYU H H， LIM H W， LEE S G，et al.Near-surface reconstruction in Ni-rich layered cathodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries［J］.Nature Energy，2024，9：47-56.
[40]	LIAO Jinyun， MANTHIRAM A.Surface-modified concentration-gradient Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries［J］.Journal of Power Sources，2015，282：429-436.
[41]	ZHAO Chen， WANG Chuanwei， LIU Xiang，et al.Suppressing strain propagation in ultrahigh-Ni cathodes during fast charging via epitaxial entropy-assisted coating［J］.Nature Energy，2024，9：345-356.
[42]	YU Haifeng， CAO Yueqiang， CHEN Long，et al.Surface enrichment and diffusion enabling gradient-doping and coating of Ni-rich cathode toward Li-ion batteries［J］.Nature Communications，2021，12（1）：4564.

首页

全国无机盐信息中心

中国化工学会

无机酸碱盐专业委员会