二氧化钛基纳米材料优化改性的研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0405

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球环境污染与能源挑战日益严峻的背景下，二氧化钛纳米材料作为一种关键的半导体材料以其良好的光催化性能，在太阳能利用、清洁能源生产及环境污染物净化等领域展现出巨大潜力。但二氧化钛具有禁带宽度大、光吸收主要局限于紫外光区域，表面吸附能力弱且光生电子－空穴对的复合率较高的缺点，导致其在可见光下的催化效率有限，这极大地限制了其在实际应用中的广泛推广。深入剖析了二氧化钛光催化机理，并探讨了复合改性、元素掺杂、氢化处理、氧空位及Ti³⁺缺陷引入等策略，有效提升了其在可见光下的催化效率。最后展望了二氧化钛基纳米材料优化改性后的主要方向，可有效拓宽在环境保护和能源利用两大关键领域的应用范围，提升其在降解污染物、转化清洁能源等方面的效能，为开发具备高催化活性的新型二氧化钛基纳米材料提供思路和参考。

关键词: 二氧化钛, 降解机理, 掺杂改性, 光催化

Abstract:

In the context of the escalating severity of global environmental pollution and energy challenges，TiO₂ nanomaterials，being a crucial semiconductor material with their outstanding photocatalytic performance，have demonstrated tremendous potential in the domains of solar energy utilization，clean energy production，and environmental pollution purification.Nevertheless，TiO₂ possesses a large band gap，with its light absorption predominantly confined to the ultraviolet region，its surface adsorption capacity being weak，and the recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs being high，leading to its restricted catalytic efficiency in visible light，which significantly constrains its extensive application in practical scenarios.An in-depth analysis of the mechanism of TiO₂ photocatalysis was conducted and the strategies such as compound modification，elemental doping，hydrogenation treatment were deliberated，and the introduction of oxygen vacancy and Ti³⁺ defects，which effectively enhanced the catalytic efficiency in visible light.Finally，the main directions for the optimized modification of TiO₂-based nanomaterials were prospected，which could effectively broaden the application scope in the two key fields of environmental protection and energy utilization，improve its efficiency in pollutant degradation and clean energy transformation，etc，and offer ideas and references for the development of new TiO₂-based nanomaterials with high catalytic activity.

Key words: titanium dioxide, degradation mechanism, doping modification, photocatalysis

中图分类号:

TQ134.11

王小玉, 杜瑞成, 李燕, 杨述燕. 二氧化钛基纳米材料优化改性的研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(7): 24-34.

WANG Xiaoyu, DU Ruicheng, LI Yan, YANG Shuyan. Research advances in optimization and modification of TiO₂-based nanomaterials[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(7): 24-34.

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催化剂	晶体相		晶格参数
催化剂	锐钛矿/nm	金红石/nm	a/Å	b/Å	c/Å	单胞体积/Å³
TiO₂（P-25）	22.64	32.78	3.788	3.788	9.531	136.76
Pt-TiO₂	22.28	28.78	3.785	3.785	9.545	136.74
Au-TiO₂	22.56	29.00	3.786	3.786	9.507	136.27
Pd-TiO₂	22.02	26.04	3.785	3.785	9.541	136.69

催化剂	w（Pt，Au，Pd）/%	BET表面积/ （m²·g^-1）	k/ （10⁴ s^-1）	R/（10⁸ mol·L^-1·s^-1）	ξ/%
TiO₂	0.0	50.46	3.88	7.76	7.68
Pt-TiO₂	0.4	31.13	4.42	8.84	8.75
	0.8	29.17	10.50	21.00	20.79
	1.2	20.45	5.87	11.74	11.62
	1.6	19.57	4.98	9.96	9.86
Au-TiO₂	0.4	46.14	7.38	14.76	14.61
	0.8	45.71	10.43	20.86	20.65
	1.2	45.36	5.52	11.03	10.92
	1.6	45.09	4.72	9.44	9.35
Pd-TiO₂	0.05	40.08	4.75	9.50	9.40
	0.10	37.82	4.50	9.00	8.91
	0.15	36.49	4.35	8.70	8.61
	0.20	35.10	3.90	7.80	7.72

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