无机盐工业
主管:中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
主办:中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
   中海油炼油化工科学研究院(北京)有限公司
   中国化工学会无机酸碱盐专业委员会
ISSN 1006-4990 CN 12-1069/TQ

无机盐工业 ›› 2022, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (8): 20-32.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0755

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

无机盐晶须的制备以及应用研究进展

王翛茜(),宋慧平(),薛芳斌   

  1. 山西大学资源与环境工程研究所,山西省黄河实验室,山西 太原 030006
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-15 出版日期:2022-08-10 发布日期:2022-08-11
  • 作者简介:王翛茜(1998— ),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为功能涂料;E-mail:1505337904@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51874194);2021年山西省研究生教育创新项目(2021Y141)

Research progress on preparation and application of inorganic salt whiskers

WANG Xiaoqian(),SONG Huiping(),XUE Fangbin   

  1. Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering of Shanxi University,Shanxi Yellow River Laboratory,Taiyuan 030006,China
  • Received:2021-12-15 Published:2022-08-10 Online:2022-08-11

摘要:

无机盐晶须是在人工可控条件下生长成的具有一定长径比的一种纤维,具有强度高、模量高、化学性质稳定、易与基体结合等特点,广泛应用于造纸、建筑材料、高分子材料等领域。主要介绍了无机盐晶须的生长机理、常见的无机盐晶须种类、制备方法以及应用范围。重点介绍了无机盐晶须的制备方法,包括气相法、固相法和液相法,其中液相法为制备无机盐晶须常见的方法,主要从水热合成法、碳化法、常压酸化法以及溶胶凝胶法进行介绍;其次,介绍了无机盐晶须在阻燃材料、建筑材料、复合材料和摩擦材料中的应用,并指出晶须对复合材料的作用机理主要体现在负荷传递、裂纹桥连、裂纹偏转和拔出效应4个方面;最后指出,目前无机盐晶须的制备及应用仍处于实验室阶段,其制备以及应用过程中仍存在能耗高、产物形貌不均一、产量低、设备复杂、工业化程度差等一些问题。通过分析得出,开发低成本、低能耗的无机盐晶须制备方法仍是主要的亟需解决的难题。

关键词: 无机盐晶须, 结晶, 成核, 复合材料, 生长机理

Abstract:

Inorganic salt whiskers are a kind of fiber with a length?diameter ratio grown under artificial controllable conditions,which has the characteristics of high strength,high modulus,stable chemical properties,easy to combine with matrix.It is widely used in papermaking,building materials,polymer materials and other fields.The growth mechanism of inorganic salt whiskers,common types of inorganic salt whiskers,preparation methods and application range were mainly introduced.The preparation methods of inorganic salt whiskers were mainly introduced,including gas phase method,solid phase method and liquid phase method.Among them,liquid phase method was a common method to prepare inorganic salt whiskers,which was mainly introduced from hydrothermal synthesis method,carbonization method,atmospheric acidification method and sol-gel method.Secondly,the applications of inorganic whisker in flame retardant materials,building materials,composite materials and friction materials were introduced,and it was pointed out that the action mechanism of whiskers on composites was mainly reflected in four aspects:load transfer,crack bridging,crack deflection and pull?out effect.Finally,it was pointed out that the preparation and application of inorganic salt whiskers were still in the laboratory stage at present,and there were still some problems in the preparation and application of inorganic salt whiskers,such as high energy consumption,uneven product morphology,low yield,complex equipment and poor industrialization degree.Therefore,the development of low cost and low energy consumption preparation method was still the main urgent problem to be solved.

Key words: inorganic salt whisker, crystallization, nucleation, composites, growth mechanism

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