新能源汽车电池负极材料的制备与性能研究

doi:10.11962/1006-4990.2020-0229

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用原位合成法制备了镍-氧化镍/多孔碳纳米片（Ni-NiO/PCNs）负极材料,对比分析了氯化钠模板、退火温度和退火时间对负极材料物相组成、显微形貌和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,Ni/PCNs、Ni-NiO/C和Ni-NiO/PCNs负极材料都主要含有镍和无定型C相,且后2种负极材料还含有氧化镍相;300 ℃/4 h为Ni-NiO/PCNs负极材料适宜的退火工艺,此时Ni-NiO/PCNs负极材料中Ni-NiO粒子分散性较好且保持着三维片层结构,平均尺寸约为27 nm,Ni-NiO实现了对无定型C的包裹;退火时间过长（6 h）会使得镍粒子过氧化且发生团聚,而温度过高（400 ℃）会使得粒子以团聚为主,三维片层状结构消失。电流密度为1 A/g、循环5 000圈后Ni-NiO/PCNs负极材料的放电比容量为235 mA·h/g,此时的放电比容量约为首圈放电比容量的83.93%;Ni-NiO/C和Ni/PCNs负极材料在充放电循环过程中以及循环5 000圈后的放电比容量和容量保持率都明显低于Ni-NiO/PCNs负极材料,Ni-NiO/PCNs负极材料具有更好的循环稳定性,这主要与其具有独特的多孔三维片层结构有关。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 负极材料, 退火, 显微组织, 电化学性能

Abstract:

The Ni-NiO/PCNs negative electrode materials were prepared by insitu synthesis.The effects of NaCl template,annealing temperature and annealing time on the phase composition,microstructure and electrochemical properties of the negative electrode materials were investigated.It was demonstrated that Ni/PCNs,Ni-NiO/C and Ni-NiO/PCNs anode materials mainly contain Ni and amorphous C while the last two anode materials also contain NiO phase.The appropriate annealing process for Ni-NiO/PCNs anode materials is at 300 ℃ for 4 h.Ni-NiO particles in Ni-NiO/PCNs anode materials have good dispersion and maintain three-dimensional lamellar structure with average size of 27 nm and Ni-NiO re-alizes the encapsulation of amorphous C.However,too long annealing time（6 h） will lead to the over oxidation and agglomer-ation of Ni particles,while too high temperature（400 ℃） will lead to the agglomeration of particles and the disappearance of three-dimensional lamellar structure.The discharge capacity of Ni-NiO/PCNs negative electrode material is 235 mA·h/g after 5 000 cycles with current density of 1 A/g which remains 83.93% of the first cycle.The discharge capacity and capacity reten-tion rate of Ni-NiO/C and Ni/PCNs negative electrode materials are significantly lower than that of Ni-NiO/PCNs negative electrode materials after 5 000 cycles.Ni-NiO/PCNs negative electrode materials have better cycle stability,which is mainly related to their unique three-dimensional lamellar structure.

Key words: sodium ion battery, anode material, annealing, microstructure, electrochemical performance

中图分类号:

包科杰,路凌然. 新能源汽车电池负极材料的制备与性能研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(3): 54-59.

Bao Kejie,Lu lingran. Study on preparation and performance of negative electrode materials for batteries of new energy vehicles[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(3): 54-59.

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