China is rich in phosphorus ore resources，but most of them are medium and low⁃grade phosphorus ore，which need to be beneficiated to be used in chemical production.Phosphorus tailings are solid wastes with low phosphorus content produced by beneficiation of phosphorus ore，which can be regarded as low⁃grade phosphorus tailings，mainly composed of calcium oxide，magnesium oxide，phosphorus pentoxide，silica，and have great potential for comprehensive utilization.In this paper，in view of the structure，composition，and physicochemical properties of phosphorus tailings，the current situation and research progress of the comprehensive utilization of phosphorus tailings were reviewed.The utilization of phosphorus tailings in the filling of the mine，leaching of calcium and magnesium and other valuable elements，re⁃election and recovery of phosphorus elements，agricultural applications，building applications，environmental protection applications and other aspects was elaborated in detail.The problems faced in the comprehensive utilization of phosphorus tailings were analyzed and prospects for its development were outlooked.It was pointed out that the development of a new environmentally friendly and efficient comprehensive utilization process of phosphorus tailings was the development direction of phosphorus tailings utilization，which was the common need of phosphorus chemical enterprises and society and it was in line with the basic national policy of green and efficient utilization of resources and sustainable development.

Lithium sulfur batteries（LSBs） have attracted considerable attention as promising next-generation energy storage devices due to their high theoritical energy density.Although the electrochemical performance of LSBs has been significantly enhanced over the past decade，most of their test condition is based on excessive electrolyte usage.High electrolyte usage not only increases the manufacturing cost of batteries but also reduces their actual energy density，Which is detrimental to commercial applications of LSBs.Therefore，it is especially critical to develop LSBs that combine low electrolyte usage with excellent electrochemical performance.The challenges faced by LSBs under lean electrolyte conditions were outlined and the approaches based on sulfur electrode design to reduce electrolyte usage were discussed in detail：1）optimizing electrode porosity and ion conduction to shorten the transport path of lithium ions and enhance their conductivity；2）introducing meta-based or nonmetallic-based catalysis to enhance the reaction kinetics of active materials under lean electrolyte conditions；3）developing novel active materials to avoid the degradation of battery performance caused by the large amount of lithium polysulfides dissolved in the electrolyte under lean electrolyte conditions.Finally，the perspectives on further optimizing the design of sulfur cathode to develop high-energy-density LSBs with lean electrolyte were proposed.

In order to enhance microscopic mixing and mass transfer and to increase the Mg（OH）₂ carbonation rate，hydrodynamic cavitation technology was employed to intensify the carbonation reaction of Mg（OH）₂ and CO₂ to produce the intermediate product Mg（HCO₃）₂，which was then pyrolyzed to produce basic magnesium carbonate［4MgCO₃·Mg（OH）₂·4H₂O］.An orthogonal experimental design was used to investigate the factors influencing the carbonation rate of Mg（OH）₂.The resulting products were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy，X-ray diffractometer，and a multi-parameter testing instrument.The results showed that the important order of factors affecting the Mg（OH）₂ carbonation rate was incident angle α>CO₂ flow rate q>Mg（OH）₂ solid content s>inlet pressure p>throat diameter d₀>carbonation time t.Under the process conditions of α=60°，d₀=4 mm，p=0.35 MPa，t=60 min，s=1.6%，and q=17 L/min，the carbonation rate reached 92.1%.It was a 31.57% improvement over the carbonation rate（60.53%） of a bubble⁃stirred reactor.The content of impurities such as CaO and Fe in the product 4MgCO₃·Mg（OH）₂·4H₂O was reduced，and the produced 4MgCO₃·Mg（OH）₂·4H₂O had a uniform flake structure with a crystal thickness of less than 50 nm.The product had good crystallization and relatively stable and single composition.Each diffraction peak position of the obtained product was completely consistent with the diffraction peak position of basic magnesium carbonate in the standard hexagonal crystal form.

The water wettability and dispersibility of titanium dioxide is very important for the inorganic coating and application performance.Based on the different surface properties of titanium dioxide prepared by sulfuric acid method and chlorination method，the dispersion difference of titanium dioxide was studied in this paper.The slurry viscosity，particle size distribution and zeta potential of the two kinds of titanium dioxide were compared and analyzed.The morphology and structural properties of the different products were characterized by SEM，FT-IR，XPS，TG and surface contact angle measurement.The results showed that at the same concentration，the same pH，the same dispersant and its dosage，the viscosity of the titanium dioxide by sulfuric acid method was lower than that of the chlorination method after beating，and the absolute value of zeta potential was higher.XPS，TG and surface energy showed that the titanium dioxide by sulfuric acid method had more surface hydroxyl groups and surface energy，which was easier to be wetted and dispersed by water，and had better dispersion performance.In addition，when the dosage of dispersant A was 0.2% and the concentration of TiO₂ was 700 g/L，the viscosity of the sulfuric acid method initial slurry was 138 mPa·s with a Zeta potential of -62 mV，and the viscosity of the chloride method initial slurry was 4 927 mPa·s，with a Zeta potential of -28.4 mV.The results showed that the slurry viscosity of the sulfuric acid method was lower，the dispersion was better，and the water wetting dispersion was better.The structure-activity relationship between surface structure and water dispersity was established by analyzing the surface structure of titanium dioxide with different processes，which provided reference and ideas for the development of high-end titanium dioxide.

Potassium is an essential nutrient for crop growth.Potassium salt resources are mainly used for potassium fertilizer production.As a major consumer of potassium fertilizer，China is short of potassium resources.Potassium salt has been listed in the strategic mineral catalog，and the supply security of potassium salt resources is of great significance to the national security.The basic situation of global and domestic potassium resources were listed，the production and consumption situation of global and domestic potassium resources were analyzed，and the main production technology for preparing potash fertilizer from Chinese potash salt resources were introduced.Moreover，combined with the current situation of potassium salt production in China，some suggestions for the future potash salt industry in China were put forward，which included evaluation of the selected areas of continuous resources，continuous attention to the change of brine grade in salt lakes，and strengthening the research on technology.

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries have the advantages of good safety performance and high energy density，which are considered as the direction of the development for the next generation of high-performance and high-safety energy storage battery technology.Developing advanced solid-state electrolytes is the key to achieving the development of all-solid-state lithium batteries.Halide solid-state electrolytes have attracted extensive attention from researchers due to their advantages of high ionic conductivity at room temperature，wide electrochemical window，and good cathode interface stability.The classification，preparation methods，and ion transport mechanisms of halide solid-state electrolytes were summarized.The issues of humidity stability and interface stability were deeply discussed，the current solutions and practical applications in all solid-state lithium metal batteries were summarized，and the challenges and future development directions of halide solid-state electrolytes were presented，which would promote the further development of halide solid-state electrolytes.

The Reverse Water-Gas Shift（RWGS） reaction，facilitated by the catalytic reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrogen，has become a crucial step in the production of high-value chemicals and fuels such as methanol，low-carbon olefins，aromatics，and gasoline.This review presents an in-depth analysis of the two primary mechanisms of the RWGS reaction：the redox mechanism and the intermediate mechanism.Additionally，recent advancements in RWGS research were comprehensively reviewed，the catalysts employed in this reaction were systematically categorized，analyzed，and summarized.These catalysts encompassed supported metal catalysts，oxide catalysts（including mixed oxides，spinels，and perovskites），and carbide catalysts.Moreover，the industrial applications of the RWGS reaction was analyzed and its future development was prospected.RWGS reaction could serve as an efficient method for integrating technologies like naphtha dehydroaromatization，ethylbenzene dehydrogenation for styrene production，low-carbon alkane dehydrogenation for olefin production，carbon dioxide capture，and synthetic electronic fuel production to realize efficient utilization of CO₂.It not only provided theoretical basis and guidance for developing new RWGS reaction catalysts but also offered feasible ideas and references for the future application scenarios of the RWGS reaction.

Lithium-ion batteries are commercialized due to their high working voltage and energy density.However，the limited lithium resources have hampered their widespread application.Sodium-ion batteries（SIBs） have similar electrochemical behavior and rich sodium salt resources，which have attracted wide attention.The current SIBs use organic electrolytes，which have many safety issues such as leakage and combustion，and the use of solid-state electrolytes can effectively solve the above problems.However，the ionic conductivity of this electrolyte needs to be further improved，and the problems of the consistency of the synthesized material and the large interface impedance between the electrode and electrolyte limit its practical application.To settle the problem of ionic conductivity，the effects of substituted different multi-valence metal ions were summarized and analyzed.In view of the interface problems，the existing interface modification methods of Na_1+x Zr₂Si _x P_3-x O₁₂ electrolytes from the cathode and anode sides were reviewed and analyzed.Finally，the development direction of Na_1+x Zr₂Si _x P_3-x O₁₂ solid electrolytes was forecasted，which was expected to promote the development of solid SIBs.

Lithium niobate is a multifunctional crystal with physical properties such as piezoelectric，ferroelectric，pyroelectric，electro-optical，acousto-optical，photoelastic，nonlinear and so on.With the continuous progress of lithium niobate iron domain engineering and the development of lithium niobate single crystal thin film technology，more excellent properties of lithium niobate have been developed，which are widely used in optical waveguides，electro-optical modulators，nonlinear optics，quantum devices and other fields.Future widespread applications in photonics may form the era of “lithium niobate valley”.The domain inversion method，growth mechanism，domain structure characterization method，application of ferroelectric domain engineering，and the latest research progress of lithium niobate thin-film devices such as optical waveguides，electro-optical devices，and quantum devices were emphatically introduced.With the transformation of lithium niobate from “bulk” to "thin film"，combined with micromachining technology，the application field of lithium niobate changed from independent devices to small multi-device integrated chips，and lithium ferroelectric domain engineering of lithium niobate would play a more important role in the process of building small fully integrated chips.

Metal borides have excellent oxidation resistance，high melting point，high hardness，outstanding thermal and electrical conductivity，and superconductivity，whch exhibit vast potential applications in aerospace，superconduction，and electromagnetic wave absorption.However，the metal borides prepared by traditional methods face many problems，such as the large particle size，low product purity，high production cost，and poor sintering property，which leads to the unsatisfactory application performance.Therefore，the structure and properties of metal borides were summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods of metal borides were introduced in detail.The research progress of metal borides in the fields of ultra-high temperature ceramics，superconductivity and high temperature absorption in recent years was reviewed.Finally，the problems of low critical current density in the field of superconducting field，impedance mismatch in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption，poor sintering property and low fracture toughness in the field of ultra-high temperature ceramics were discussed，and the future development in the directions of preparation methods，new material formation technologies，and machine simulation was prospected.

Tantalum and niobium metals are indispensable strategic materials，which are widely used in integrated circuits，aerospace，automotive，superconductivity and other fields.The content about the resource distribution，hydrometallurgy，and the preparation of high purity of tantalum and niobium were introduced，and the technical status at home and abroad was analyzed.It was pointed out that the world's tantalum and niobium resource producing countries were Brazil，Canada，Australia，Africa，and other countries.The grade of tantalum and niobium resources in China was very low and highly dependent on imports.The hydrometallurgical methods for separating tantalum and niobium could be divided into alkali method，acid method and chlorination method.The alkali methods included alkali melting method and alkaline hydrothermal method.The acid methods included sulfuric acid method and hydrofluoric acid method.The preparation of high purity oxides must go through the process of leaching，extraction，separation and purification，filtration and washing and calcination.The method of preparing high purity tantalum and niobium by vacuum electron beam melting and the removal of impurities in the metal was also introduced.This method could achieve a purity over 99.999%（5 N） for tantalum and over 99.99%（4 N） for niobium.Finally，the application of high purity tantalum and niobium raw materials in integrated circuit，artificial crystal growth，and other fields was introduced.The preparation technology and products of high purity tantalum niobium were analyzed and compared with domestic and foreign enterprises.The development direction in future of tantalum and niobium raw materials was pointed out.

Carbon dioxide electrocatalytic reduction（CO₂RR） technology which converts CO₂ into fuel and high value⁃added chemicals is one of the effective ways to alleviate the current resources，environment，and many other problems.Among numerous products of CO₂RR，ethanol has a relatively high energy density and economic value.However，due to the complex elementary process，and it is affected by the mass transfer and by⁃product hydrogen evolution，the process of CO₂RR⁃to⁃ethanol is often accompanied by a series of problems such as high potential，low reaction，and low selectivity.Therefore，the current design ideas of CO₂RR to ethanol catalytic system and the research progress of catalytic materials by using the “tandem process” of system coupling，the “tandem reaction” of active site coupling，and the “synergy reaction” that highlights the “electronic effect”，“strain effect” and “confinement effect” were reviewed.It was proposed that “tandem catalysis” and “synergy catalysis” were the two main strategies for the design of electrocatalytic systems at present.It was also suggested that mechanism⁃based catalysts design was the key to improving the performance of CO₂RR to ethanol process under different electrocatalytic strategies.

Aluminum nitride（AlN） crystal，as one of the representatives of ultra-wideband semiconductor materials，has excellent properties such as large bandwidth，high thermal conductivity，and high breakdown field strength，which has important applications in the fields of deep-ultraviolet optoelectronic devices and high-power electronic devices.During the growth process of AlN crystals，the high O and C content in the AlN source material lead to the high concentration of defects inside the crystals or the growth of polycrystals，which will affect the quality of the AlN single crystals.In this paper，a two-step sintering process was proposed to purify the AlN source material，and the sintered samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope（SEM）、oxygen，nitrogen，and hydrogen gas analyzer、carbon and sulfur gas analyzer.The SEM results showed that the particle size of the AlN powder was increased from 1~3 μm to about 100 μm，the specific surface area was reduced，and the adsorption of the O impurities was reduced，and the sintered AlN particles had good crystallinity.The results of oxygen，nitrogen and hydrogen gas analyzer、carbon and sulfur gas analyzer showed that the O impurity content was reduced from 7 900 μg/g to 640 μg/g，and the C impurity was reduced from 420 μg/g to 57 μg/g.In summary，the two-step sintering process was an effective way to control the specific surface area of the AlN source material，which was capable of effectively removing the O，C and other impurities in the AlN source material，and improved the crystalline quality of the AlN source material，laying a foundation for the growth of high-quality AlN crystal.

As an important structure of supramolecular chemistry，macrocyclic compounds are widely used in the fields of biomedicine，environmental science and molecular materials science.As the first generation of macrocyclic compounds，crown ether is widely used in the separation of materials because of its unique ring structure，which can be complexed with metal ions to achieve selective recognition and separation of metal ions.The types of crown ethers and the mechanism of selective separation of metal ions were reviewed，and the surface imprinting principle of ion imprinted polymers was summarized.Since the external environmental stimulation could affect the ion imprinting state of crown ether，the ion imprinting response modification of crown ether in both light and magnetic aspects and its research progress on the adsorption properties of metal ions in adsorption materials and membrane materials were reviewed.The results showed that the selective adsorption sites on the surface of the adsorption materials and the membrane materials were increased after the functional modification of the crown ether，and the surface activity of the complexation with the metal ions was increased，which was beneficial to the selective recognition and separation of the metal ions.Finally，the problems of cost，performance test and toxicity enrichment of crown ether in the future research were discussed，and the future research and development of crown ether was prospected，which provided a research direction for the application of crown ether to extract metal ions.

With the booming development of new energy technologies in recent years，the global demand for lithium products has increased dramatically.Due to the current situation of lithium resource endowment in China，salt lake brine has become an important source of lithium extraction.Overview of research progress on lithium extraction from salt lake brine is of great significance to the development of lithium resources in China′s salt lake brine.This work focused on membrane separation，adsorption，solvent extraction，electrochemical methods，etc.，suitable for high magnesium-to-lithium ratio brines，as well as salt gradient solar cell and precipitation methods suitable for low magnesium-to-lithium ratio brines.The advantages and disadvantages of the methods were analyzed from various aspects such as technological characteristics，performance，and extraction rate，etc.Based on the different performance of salt lake lithium extraction technologies，the adsorption coupling membrane separation method and other combined processes were discussed to have the advantages in industrialized lithium extraction from salt lake brine.Based on the existing lithium extraction technology，the ideas and directions for the development of lithium extraction from salt lake brine in China were put forward.

Lithium-ion battery is considered as the most convenient and effective energy storage equipment due to its high energy density and long cycle life.In order to improve the stability and safety of lithium-ion batteries，solid-state electrolytes have been widely studied.However，pure polymer electrolytes have the drawbacks of lower ionic conductivity，narrow operating voltage window，which hindered their applications in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.PEO-based composite electrolytes are the most promising class of electrolyte systems due to their advantages of easy processing，low cost，and good interfacial contact.Based on this，composite solid electrolytes were introduced basicly and the ionic conduction mechanism of PEO-based electrolytes was discussed，and then the relevant research results in recent years according to the different geometries of inorganic fillers，such as nanoparticles，nanowires/nanotubes，two-dimensional lamellar materials，and 3D skeleton structures were reviewed.The effects of inorganic fillers with different geometries on the performance of electrolytes，especially ionic conductivity，and the cycling performance of the full battery were elaborated.Finally，the key issues and development of composite solid-state electrolytes were summarized.

Sodium-ion batteries have been widely used in smart grid and energy storage fields，but their development is limited by the factors such as large irreversible capacity，high redox potential and poor cycle performance of anode materials.Hard carbon materials，especially coal-based hard carbon anode materials，are considered to be the most potential anode materials for sodium-ion batteries because of their advantages such as large layer spacing，short-range carbon microcrystalline structure，low cost，rich resources and low working potential.However，they have some problems such as low capacity，poor cycling performance and difficulty in impurity removal.Therefore，the importance of coal-based hard carbon anode materials for sodium ion batteries and the preparation and modification methods of coal-based hard carbon were reviewed.The effects of modification strategies such as activation，heteroatom doping，pre-oxidation，composite carbon and mechanical ball milling on their electrochemical properties were described.Finally，the problems faced in industrialization challenges and corresponding solutions were put forward，and the development direction of coal-based hard carbon anode materials was prospected.

The treated sodium fluoride raw material contains many sodium silicate impurities.In order to remove the impurities in it，improve the purity of sodium fluoride and obtain higher industrial value，using silicon dioxide generation with evaporation crystallization，a process of sodium fluoride purification by silicon dioxide generation-evaporation crystallization was designed to improve the purity of sodium fluoride，reduce the content of silicon，and improve the appearance of the sodium fluoride product.In the silicon dioxide generation experiment，the effects of sulfuric acid dosage ratio，temperature，time and stirring speed on the desilication process were investigated，and orthogonal experiments were carried out.The results showed that in the silicon dioxide generation experiment，the desilication conditions with the best overall performance were：sulfuric acid dosage ratio of 0.04，reaction temperature of 25 ℃，reaction time of 30 min，and stirring speed of 300 r/min.In the evaporation and crystallization experiment，the best overall performance of evaporation and crystallization for the purification of sodium fluoride was achieved when the evaporation time was 60 min.Under the optimal experimental conditions，a sodium fluoride product with a purity >98% and a silica mass fraction <0.5% could be obtained.The study showed that the reaction between sulfuric acid and sodium silicate could react to produce silica gel，and then filtration and separation could achieve the effect of silica removal，and the purity of sodium fluoride could be further improved by evaporation and crystallization.This study could provide new ideas for the purification of sodium fluoride and the recovery of fluorosilicon resources.

As state⁃of⁃the⁃art batteries，lithium⁃ion batteries（LIBs） have become the most widely used batteries.China's LIBs shipments amounted to as much as 750 GW·h in 2022 and keep on a continuous growth trend.The growing use of LIBs has triggered great concern about the environmental impact and resource utilization of spent LIBs.Lithium⁃ion battery electrolyte is a key component of lithium⁃ion batteries，mainly composed of high⁃value lithium salt electrolyte and organic solvents，while the electrolyte recycling technology for decommissioned lithium⁃ion batteries is still in the developmental stage，and there is no industrialized application yet.In order to cope with the dramatic increase of decommissioned LIBs，it is of great practical significance to study green and efficient recycling technologies to realize the resource recovery of electrolyte in a safe and environmentally friendly way.Various types of technologies on lithium⁃ion battery electrolyte recycling were comprehensively overviewed and analyzed from the perspectives of principle，environmental impact，efficiency，and industrialization prospect.And the current technologies were divided into direct recycling and conversion recycling based on the recycling principle.In addition，future research directions and challenges were proposed.

In recent years，the application of lithium-ion batteries has seen explosive growth in various fields，and almost every field has placed higher demands on the energy density of lithium-ion batteries to meet the ever-increasing demand for power and energy storage.Nevertheless，during the initial charge/discharge cycle of a lithium-ion battery，a solid electrolyte interface（SEI） film forms on the surface of the anode，resulting in the depletion of active lithium ions in the cathode materials.This phenomenon leads to an irreversible loss of battery capacity and a reduction in the first-time coulombic efficiency of the battery.Research has demonstrated that the pre-lithiation technique represents a viable solution to the issue at hand.The findings indicate that pre-lithiation of the cathode confers greater benefits than pre-lithiation of the anode.The common lithium replenishment technologies were mainly described，such as binary lithium-containing compounds，ternary lithium-containing compounds and organic lithium salts，etc.The progress of cathode pre-lithiation additive materials in optimising performance was also reviewed.It was pointed out that there were some urgent problems to be solved，and looked forward to the future of pre-lithiation technology.