金属硼化物的制备及其在军工领域的基础应用研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0067

Abstract

Abstract:

Metal borides have excellent oxidation resistance，high melting point，high hardness，outstanding thermal and electrical conductivity，and superconductivity，whch exhibit vast potential applications in aerospace，superconduction，and electromagnetic wave absorption.However，the metal borides prepared by traditional methods face many problems，such as the large particle size，low product purity，high production cost，and poor sintering property，which leads to the unsatisfactory application performance.Therefore，the structure and properties of metal borides were summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods of metal borides were introduced in detail.The research progress of metal borides in the fields of ultra-high temperature ceramics，superconductivity and high temperature absorption in recent years was reviewed.Finally，the problems of low critical current density in the field of superconducting field，impedance mismatch in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption，poor sintering property and low fracture toughness in the field of ultra-high temperature ceramics were discussed，and the future development in the directions of preparation methods，new material formation technologies，and machine simulation was prospected.

Key words: metal borides, structures and properties, preparation methods, military applications

CLC Number:

TQ128.1

LI Junxi, XIE Zhipeng, LIU Yunfeng, MA Long, CHEN Jiale, ZHANG Da, YANG Bin, LIANG Feng. Research progress of preparation of metal borides and their military applications[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(12): 13-28.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1

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Table 1

Examples of preparation of metal borides by several preparation methods"

制备方法	原料	制备条件	粒径及形状	产物
碳热还原	Fe₂O₃、Fe₃O₄、B₂O₃、C^［28］	1 473 K、4.5 h	39 nm	Fe₂B
	H₃BO₃、ZrO₂、炭黑、Fe或Co或Ni^［29］	1 500~1 700 ℃、0.5 h	晶须状	ZrB₂
	H₃BO₃、Nb₂O₅、玉米淀粉^［31］	1 800 ℃、1 h	40~50 nm	NbB₂
硼/碳热还原	HfO₂、B₄C、C^［33］	焦耳加热	538 nm	HfB₂
	ZrO₂、B₄C、C^［33］	焦耳加热	645 nm	ZrB₂
	Ta₂O₅、B₄C、NaCl/KCl^［34］	1 200 ℃、0.3 h	长4.16 μm 纳米棒	TaB₂
	ZrO₂、B₄C、C^［36］	1 300 ℃、2 h；1 900 ℃、1 h	陶瓷	ZrB₂
	ZrOCl₂·8H₂O、B₄C、C^［37］	1 600 ℃、1 h	长0.5~3 μm 棒状	ZrB₂
	ZrOCl₂·8H₂O、B₄C、C、NaCl^［38］	1 550 ℃、1 h	长1 μm 棒状	ZrB₂
硼热还原	Nb₂O₅、B、NaCl/KCl^［43］	1 000 ℃、1 h	100 nm	NbB₂
	Ta₂O₅、B^［45］	800 ℃、2 h；热水洗涤；1 550 ℃、1 h	0.8 μm	TaB₂
	HfO₂、B^［47］	1 100 ℃、2 h；热水洗涤；1 550 ℃、1 h	0.8 µm	HfB₂
	Nb₂O₅、B、NaCl/KCl^［48］	800 ℃	61 nm	NbB₂
	Cr₂O₃、B、NaCl/KCl^［49］	900 ℃、1 h	104 nm	CrB₂
镁热还原	TiO₂、B₂O₃、Mg^［54］	球磨2 h；0.5 mol/L HCl、2 h	50~100 nm	TiB₂
自蔓延高温合成	FeCl₂、MgB₂^［59］	点燃	100~500 nm	FeB
	CoCl₂、MgB₂^［59］	点燃	100~500 nm	CoB
	NiCl₂、MgB₂^［59］	点燃	100~500 nm	NiB
	ZrO₂、B₂O₃、Mg、NaCl^［62］	点燃；1 mol/L HCl、2 h	100 nm	ZrB₂
	Ta₂O₅、B、Mg^［63］	点燃；HCl、80 ℃、1 h	50~100 nm	TaB₂
	TiO₂、B₂O₃、Mg、NaCl^［64］	机械诱导；5.4 mol/L HCl、80 ℃、0.5 h	140 nm	TiB₂
热等离子体	Ti、B^［80］	n（Ti）∶n（B）=5∶1、4.1 g/min；Ar气氛	42 nm	TiB₂
	Ti、B^［81］	n（Ti）∶n（B）=3∶2、1 g/min；Ar气氛	20~45 nm	TiB₂
	YB₄、B^［82］	n（Y）∶n（B）=1∶100、0.1 g/min；Ar、He气氛	50 nm	YB₆₆
	Nb、B^［83］	n（Nb）∶n（B）=1∶3、0.2 g/min；Ar、He气氛		NbB₂
	Fe、B^［84］	n（Fe）∶n（B）=1∶2、0.2 g/min；Ar、He气氛	34.5 nm	FeB
	Co、B^［85］	n（Co）∶n（B）=1∶2、0.2 g/min；Ar、He气氛	15 nm	CoB

Table 1

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Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

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Research progress of preparation of metal borides and their military applications

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