冠醚功能化改性及其对金属离子分离研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2023-0492

Abstract

Abstract:

As an important structure of supramolecular chemistry，macrocyclic compounds are widely used in the fields of biomedicine，environmental science and molecular materials science.As the first generation of macrocyclic compounds，crown ether is widely used in the separation of materials because of its unique ring structure，which can be complexed with metal ions to achieve selective recognition and separation of metal ions.The types of crown ethers and the mechanism of selective separation of metal ions were reviewed，and the surface imprinting principle of ion imprinted polymers was summarized.Since the external environmental stimulation could affect the ion imprinting state of crown ether，the ion imprinting response modification of crown ether in both light and magnetic aspects and its research progress on the adsorption properties of metal ions in adsorption materials and membrane materials were reviewed.The results showed that the selective adsorption sites on the surface of the adsorption materials and the membrane materials were increased after the functional modification of the crown ether，and the surface activity of the complexation with the metal ions was increased，which was beneficial to the selective recognition and separation of the metal ions.Finally，the problems of cost，performance test and toxicity enrichment of crown ether in the future research were discussed，and the future research and development of crown ether was prospected，which provided a research direction for the application of crown ether to extract metal ions.

Key words: crown ether, surface imprinting, selective recognition and separation, metal ion extraction

CLC Number:

TQ131.1

AI Xin, DONG Qi, DOU Yefan, LI Enze, CHENG Huaigang, PAN Zihe. Research progress of functionalization and modification of crown ether and its application in metal ion separation[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(6): 14-25.

Figures/Tables 13

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	分类依据	举例
普通冠醚	O原子数量	12-冠-4、15-冠-5、18-冠-6和21-冠-7等^［14］
普通冠醚	O原子位置	手性冠醚、对称性冠醚、双冠醚和臂式冠醚等^［15］
杂原子冠醚	引入苯环	苯并冠醚、双苯并冠醚等^［16］
	O原子被—NH 或—NR基取代	氮杂冠醚：单氮杂冠醚、多氮杂冠醚、全氮杂冠醚等^［17］
	O原子被S原子取代	硫杂冠醚^［18］

吸附剂	冠醚种类	吸附物	吸附量
超交联聚合物（HCPs）^［56］	二苯并-18-冠-6 （DB18C6）二苯并-24-冠-8 （DB24C8）	Au³⁺	DB18C6-HCP： 1 667 mg/g DB24C8-HCP： 1 096 mg/g
交联壳聚糖微球（CCS）^［57］	伪冠醚单体（TEG4MEC）	Li⁺	156.16 mg/g
Py-B18C6-cof Py-B24C8-cof^［58］	苯并-18-冠-6 （B18C6）苯并-24-冠-8 （B24C8）	K⁺、Cs⁺	Py-B18C6-cof对K⁺：244.21 mg/g Py-B24C8-cof对Cs⁺：223.05 mg/g
魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）^［59］	二苯并-18-冠-6 （DB18C6）	Cu²⁺	194 mg/g
木质素吸附剂（AFL）^［60］	1-氮杂-18-冠-6	Pb²⁺	91.40 mg/g
冠醚功能化二氧化硅（BCES）^［61］	苯并18-冠-6 （B24C8）	Ca²⁺	40.60 mg/g
聚合物多孔微球吸附剂（MMA-TMPTMA-M12C4）^［62］	2-羟甲基-12-冠-4 （2H12C4）	Li⁺	2.31 mg/g

膜材料	冠醚种类	方法	金属离子分离能力
壳聚糖纳米纤维膜^［68］	2-羟甲基-12-冠-4（2H12C4）	吸附	Li⁺：297 mg/g
锂离子印迹膜^［69］	2-羟甲基-12-冠-4	吸附	Li⁺：16.40 mg/g （pH=1）
多种聚合物包合膜（PIMs）^［70］	双环己烯-18-冠-6	萃取	Cr⁶⁺：7 mg/g
氯甲基化聚砜多孔膜（CMPSf）^［71］	4′-氨基苯-12-冠- 4醚（AB12C4）	吸附	Li⁺：51.99 mg/g
新型含冠醚聚酰亚胺多孔膜（PI-18C6）^［72］	二（氨基苯并）-18-冠-6（DAB18C6）	吸附	Cs⁺：54.08 mg/g

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Inorganic Acid-Base-Salt Committee of CIESC

Research progress of functionalization and modification of crown ether and its application in metal ion separation

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