赤泥在建材和复合材料领域应用的研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0690

Abstract

Abstract:

Red mud，a major solid waste from alumina production，imposes significant environmental pressures due to its high stockpiles，low utilization rates，and extreme physicochemical properties.With the growing demand for green building materials，the potential use of red mud in construction materials has gained increasing attention.In recent years，researchers have developed and optimized novel technologies to enable the effective utilization of red mud in cementitious materials，geopolymers，ceramics，and road base materials.Notably，through multi-waste synergistic treatment and process optimization，significant improvements have been made in both the material performance of red mud and its sustainable application in the fields of construction and composite materials.However，the high alkalinity and heavy metal content of red mud remain key challenges for its large-scale application.Future research should focus on alkali-reduction technologies，heavy metal immobilization，and the design of functionalized composite materials.The latest research advancements on the use of red mud in green building materials were summarized，the design concepts and application outcomes of composite materials were discussed， optimization measures for alkali-reduction technologies were analyzed and the economic and environmental benefits of red mud utilization were evaluated.Finally，future research directions were proposed to guide the industrial-scale application of red mud，providing new insights for its resource utilization.

Key words: red mud, resource utilization, green building materials, cementitious materials, high-performance composites

CLC Number:

WANG Zhengyang, YU Lu, CAI Pengyu, ZHANG Quan, FU Tao. Research progress on utilization of red mud in construction materials and composites[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(11): 10-22.

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工艺	w（SiO₂）	w（Fe₂O₃）	w（Al₂O₃）	w（CaO）	w（TiO₂）	w（Na₂O）	w（K₂O）	w（MgO）
拜耳法^［1］	5.0~35.0	20.0~40.0	13.0~25.0	5.0~35.0	2.0~8.0	0.5~10.0	0.1~2.0	0~1.8
联合法^［2］	20.0~25.0	2.0~10.0	5.0~8.0	25.0~50.0	0.5~6.0	2.0~10.0	0.1~2.0	1.1~2.3
烧结法^［3-4］	15.0~22.0	8.0~20.0	4.0~8.0	40.0~50.0	6.0~10.0	2.0~10.0	0.1~2.0	0.9~3.4

质量配比	凝结时间/min		抗压强度/MPa		抗折强度/MPa
质量配比	初凝	终凝	3 d	28 d	3 d	28 d
m（碳化赤泥）∶m（水泥）=15∶85^［13-14］	200	290	33.40	55.20	6.01	8.16
m（赤泥）∶m（水泥）=35∶65^［15］			40.00	55.00
m（赤泥）∶m（铜渣）=50∶50^［16］			31.7	63.1
m（赤泥和偏高岭土复合）∶m（水泥）=50∶50^［18］	99	158	27.00	50.30

赤泥掺量/%	煅烧温度/℃	3 d抗压强度/MPa	28 d抗压强度/MPa	特性
20	1 280		48.21	具有良好的早期强度，且保证了后期强度的发展^［25］
20	1 250	55.14	61.02	符合62.5级硫铝酸盐水泥标准^［19］
34	1 300	49.00	65.00	力学强度优于425标号快硬硫铝酸盐水泥^［26］
34	1 325	44.90	48.20	高铁型硫铝酸盐水泥^［21］

赤泥掺量/ %	3 d抗压强度/MPa	28 d抗压强度/MPa	参考文献
30	28.10	56.00	［29］
50	28.80	50.50	［28］
40	60.00	89.93	［30］
50	43.39	68.79	［31］

赤泥来源	赤泥最佳掺量/%	7 d无侧限抗压强度/MPa
贵州氧化铝厂^［51］	10	5.60
山东省滨州市某铝厂^［52］	10	7.90
广西平果铝公司^［53］	16	5.48
山西华兴铝业有限公司^［37］	30	6.37
遵义某铝厂^［38］	35	5.92

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Inorganic Acid-Base-Salt Committee of CIESC

Research progress on utilization of red mud in construction materials and composites

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原料组合	焙烧温度/℃	强度/ MPa	孔隙率/%	主要矿物相
赤泥+石墨+ SiC+Al₂O₃^［68］	1 350	49.40（抗弯）	31.40	莫来石
拜耳法赤泥^［69］	1 125	22.69（抗压）	47.12	霞石、钙长石
赤泥+高铝粉煤灰^［70］	1 200	7.17（抗折）		辉石、钙长石
赤泥+钢渣^［66］	1 140	>93.00（抗弯）		普通辉石、透辉石

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