无机盐工业 ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 18-26.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2025-0114
收稿日期:
2025-05-14
出版日期:
2025-06-10
发布日期:
2025-06-25
通讯作者:
何新建(1983— ),男,硕士研究生,高级工程师,从事胶磷矿选矿、磷化工、化肥技术研究工作;E-mail:fatlove99@163.com。作者简介:
唐向阳(1970— ),男,高级工程师,主要从事矿产资源加工与利用、化肥生产安全与技术管理工作;E-mail:tangxy@cnooc。
基金资助:
TANG Xiangyang1(), HE Xinjian2(
), XIE Chenxin3, YAN Yan3
Received:
2025-05-14
Published:
2025-06-10
Online:
2025-06-25
摘要:
磷石膏长期堆存对生态环境及人类健康的危害日益突出,其资源化是缓解该问题的重要路径之一。概述了磷石膏的物化特性及其对环境的影响,在此基础上介绍了其在传统建材、农业、化工、环保领域,以及在纳米晶须、磷、氟类高附加值产品等资源化领域的研究现状。分析了阻碍磷石膏规模化利用的原因,主要存在其资源化水平偏低、系统性不足、经济性与环境效益不平衡等问题。此外,磷石膏中杂质影响机制尚未完全明晰,杂质分离与纯化待深化研究。指出未来技术的发展趋势,磷石膏资源化技术需要从单一或部分资源化路径向全流程资源化方向转变,实现综合效益提升,其中改进或开发高值资源化技术决定了磷石膏资源化水平。同时资源化技术规模化应用仍亟需跨学科融合,提升资源化产品性能并降低成本。此外有必要开展低碳型磷石膏资源化技术及工艺研究,契合碳中和目标。
中图分类号:
唐向阳, 何新建, 谢陈鑫, 闫岩. 磷石膏资源化研究现状及展望[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(6): 18-26.
TANG Xiangyang, HE Xinjian, XIE Chenxin, YAN Yan. Research status and prospects of phosphogypsum resource utilization[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(6): 18-26.
表1
磷石膏资源化利用技术对比
领域分类 | 技术类型 | 应用方向 | 优点 | 缺点 | 技术成熟度 | 经济性 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
传统资源化领域 | 建筑材料 | 石膏制品、水泥及水泥缓凝剂、路基材料 | 技术成熟 | 需预处理杂质,附加值低,市场接受度低,消纳量有限 | 高 | 中等 |
化工环保 | 化学品生产、稀土元素提取、吸附剂 | 资源价值高,减少原料依赖 | 工艺复杂,设备投资大,技术门槛高 | 低~中 | 高 | |
土壤改良 | 改良土壤、促进作物生长 | 直接利用,成本低 | 重金属/放射性风险需严格检测 | 中 | 低 | |
高值资源化领域 | 功能性材料 | CaSO4晶须、纳米CaCO3 | 高附加值(增强复合材料性能),市场需求潜力大 | 生产工艺复杂,成本高,技术尚未普及 | 低~中 | 高 |
含磷废水有价元素资源化 | 鸟粪石、磷酸铁、磷酸钴、氟化物 | 回收磷、氟等有价资源,可耦合废水处理工艺降低综合成本 | 技术集成复杂,需多环节协同优化;元素分离提纯难度高 | 中(部分中试) | 高 |
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