无机盐工业 ›› 2023, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 10-17.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0545
王丽萍(), 李超(
), 常宁, 曹坤, 高桂梅, 张云峰, 洪雨, 图亚, 赵建强
收稿日期:
2022-09-08
出版日期:
2023-07-10
发布日期:
2023-07-13
通讯作者:
李超(1983— ),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事粉煤灰中有价元素提取及高附加值开发利用研究工作;E-mail:lichao_1122@163.com。作者简介:
王丽萍(1984— ),女,博士,高级工程师,主要从事粉煤灰等固废综合利用研究工作;E-mail:chwlp2008@163.com。
基金资助:
WANG Liping(), LI Chao(
), CHANG Ning, CAO Kun, GAO Guimei, ZHANG Yunfeng, HONG Yu, TU Ya, ZHAO Jianqiang
Received:
2022-09-08
Published:
2023-07-10
Online:
2023-07-13
摘要:
煤矸石是中国排放量以及堆存量最大的工业固体废弃物之一,其含有丰富的铝、硅、铁以及一些微量或痕量元素,如锂、镓、钛以及稀土元素等,这些元素中的一种或多种富集到工业价值后就可以综合利用。主要概述了煤矸石在铝、硅、铁以及稀有金属回收领域的研究现状,通过分析以上化学元素回收技术的优缺点,指出技术壁垒是煤矸石利用中的迫切问题,探索不同种类煤矸石应用的科学组合以及煤矸石在不同行业之间的应用研究、缩短工艺流程、形成煤矸石利用的产业链,将是早日实现煤矸石综合利用工业化的必经之路。
中图分类号:
王丽萍, 李超, 常宁, 曹坤, 高桂梅, 张云峰, 洪雨, 图亚, 赵建强. 煤矸石中有价元素回收技术研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2023, 55(7): 10-17.
WANG Liping, LI Chao, CHANG Ning, CAO Kun, GAO Guimei, ZHANG Yunfeng, HONG Yu, TU Ya, ZHAO Jianqiang. Research progress of recovery technology of valuable elements from coal gangue[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(7): 10-17.
表1
中国部分地区煤矸石的化学组成
煤矸石样品 | w(SiO2) | w (Al2O3) | w (Fe2O3) | w (TiO2) | w (CaO) | w (MgO) | w (K2O) | w (Na2O) | 烧失量 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
陕西铜川 | 44.75 | 37.43 | 0.99 | 1.43 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.56 | 0.18 | 13.62 |
江苏徐州 | 45.73 | 38.69 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 13.92 |
内蒙古准格尔 | 42.72 | 47.79 | 2.50 | 2.00 | 2.50 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 13.02 |
湖南常德 | 44.73 | 35.21 | 1.61 | 1.42 | 0.21 | 0.48 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 14.26 |
四川攀枝花 | 58.26 | 21.13 | 5.92 | 4.79 | 2.36 | 4.62 | 1.79 | 0.32 | 15.04 |
山西大同 | 42.28 | 39.37 | 0.33 | 0.09 | 0.58 | 0.15 | 0.94 | 0.36 | 15.22 |
贵州盘州 | 40.80 | 19.17 | 12.80 | 4.70 | 2.73 | 2.14 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 15.75 |
表3
稀有金属提取技术归纳表
技术方法 | 优点 | 缺点 | 存在问题 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
锂提取 | 碱熔+盐酸浸出+吸附法 | 锂提取率高、锂选择性好 | 能耗高、硅渣含锂 | 硅渣需处理、离子筛需改善锰溶损 |
镓提取 | 高温焙烧+加压酸浸+萃 取工艺;低温酸浸+萃取/ 离子交换/液膜工艺 | 利用碳本身燃烧、节能、镓浸出率高、萃取率高;萃取法萃取率较 高;离子交换树脂合成简单、适用 于高酸环境、低浓度镓回收;液膜 法萃取效率最高 | 硅渣含镓,质量分数小于20%;萃取剂处理困难、污染环境;低温酸浸法酸耗高、耗时长;萃取剂回收难、污 染环境;离子交换效果一般;液膜萃取剂处理难、污染环境 | 酸浸均产生硅渣,需处理;萃 取剂回收处理难,易引起火灾 和环境污染 |
钛提取 | 微波辅助+酸浸法 | 钛提取率较高、反应时间短 | 微波设备放大难 | 难以实现工业化 |
稀土元素提取 | 焙烧+盐酸浸出法;酸浸+协同萃取 | 利用碳本身燃烧、节能、稀土元素浸出率高(接近100%);稀土元素 萃取效率高 | 焙烧温度精准控制难,需要后续对稀土元素进行分离;酸浸时稀土元素浸出不完全、萃取剂回收处理困难 | 处于实验室研究阶段,需要技术重组并推进后续工作,还要注意萃取剂回收处理问题 |
1 | 王雪峰.矿山二次资源综合利用潜力巨大[J].矿产保护与利用,2008(1):56-58. |
WANG Xuefeng.Potential of synthetical value in use of quadratic mineral resources is huge[J].Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources,2008(1):56-58. | |
2 | 贾鲁涛,吴倩云.煤矸石特性及其资源化综合利用现状[J].煤炭技术,2019,38(11):37-40. |
JIA Lutao, WU Qianyun.Properties and comprehensive utilization status of coal gangue resource[J].Coal Technology,2019,38(11):37-40. | |
3 | 李德文,赵政,郭胜均,等.“十三五”煤矿粉尘职业危害防治技术及发展方向[J].矿业安全与环保,2022,49(4):51-58. |
LI Dewen, ZHAO Zheng, GUO Shengjun,et al.Prevention and control technology and development direction of occupational hazards of coal mine dust in the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan”[J].Mining Safety & Environmental Protection,2022,49(4):51-58. | |
4 | 金会心,吴复忠,朱明燕,等.贵州六盘水煤矸石的矿物特性[J].过程工程学报,2014,14(1):151-156. |
JIN Huixin, WU Fuzhong, ZHU Mingyan,et al.Mineral characteristics of coal gangue from Liupanshui in Guizhou province[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2014,14(1):151-156. | |
5 | 朱晨浩,杜美利,杨敏,等.彬县下沟矿煤矸石特性及烧结制砖工艺研究[J].煤炭技术,2020,39(3):133-136. |
ZHU Chenhao, DU Meili, YANG Min,et al.Study on coal gangue characteristics and sintering brick making technology in Xiagou mine of Binxian[J].Coal Technology,2020,39(3):133-136. | |
6 | 王玉涛.煤矸石固废无害化处置与资源化综合利用现状与展望[J].煤田地质与勘探,2022,50(10):54-66. |
WANG Yutao.Present situation and prospect of harmless disposal and comprehensive utilization of coal gangue solid waste[J].Coal Geology & Exploration,2022,50(10):54-66. | |
7 | 孙鹏,王爱国,吴宇,等.白云石粉掺量和烧结温度对煤矸石轻骨料结构与性能的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2019,38(11):3580-3586,3596. |
SUN Peng, WANG Aiguo, WU Yu,et al.Effect of dolomite powder content and sintering temperature on structure and properties of coal gangue lightweight aggregate[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2019,38(11):3580-3586,3596. | |
8 | 杨莎莎,张贵泉.煤矸石特性与资源化利用研究综述[J].商品混凝土,2017(10):23-26. |
YANG Shasha, ZHANG Guiquan.Research on the characteristics and utilization of coal gangue[J].Ready-Mixed Concrete,2017(10):23-26. | |
9 | 王淇,张丽娜,闵鑫,等.中国煤矸石综合利用技术研究进展[J].科技创新导报,2017,14(36):46-48. |
WANG Qi, ZHANG Lina, MIN Xin,et al.Research progress of comprehensive utilization technology of coal gangue in China[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2017,14(36):46-48. | |
10 | 刘成龙,夏举佩,范辉,等.微波技术在煤矸石资源化应用的研究进展[J].应用化工,2019,48(9):2246-2250. |
LIU Chenglong, XIA Jupei, FAN Hui,et al.Research progress on applications of microwave technique in reclamation of coal gan- | |
gue[J].Applied Chemical Industry,2019,48(9):2246-2250. | |
11 | 陈东,曹坤.准格尔矿区煤矸石综合利用新途径[J].中国煤炭,2017,43(10):132-136. |
CHEN Dong, CAO Kun.New method for coal gangue comprehensive utilization in Jungar mining area[J].China Coal,2017, 43(10):132-136. | |
12 | 李宛霖.煤矸石多金属提取过程及固化机理研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2019. |
LI Wanlin.Study on extraction process and solidification mechanism of coal gangue polymetallic[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2019. | |
13 | 李强.煅烧温度对煤矸石活性的影响及机理研究[J].非金属矿,2020,43(3):100-102,106. |
LI Qiang.Effect of calcination temperature on the activity of coal gangue and mechanism study[J].Non-Metallic Mines,2020,43(3):100-102,106. | |
14 | 范剑明.高铝煤矸石铝硅分级提取实验研究[J].无机盐工业,2019,51(11):65-68. |
FAN Jianming.Study on sequential extraction experiment of aluminum and silicon from high-alumina coal gangue[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry,2019,51(11):65-68. | |
15 | 李浩林,曾德恢,郑光亚,等.低温中和-加压酸浸提取煤矸石中铝铁[J].化工进展,2021,40(7):4011-4020. |
LI Haolin, ZENG Dehui, ZHENG Guangya,et al.Extraction of aluminum and iron from coal gangue by low temperature neutr- | |
alization-pressure acid leaching[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2021,40(7):4011-4020. | |
16 | 张维涛,陈延信,赵博,等.富铝煤矸石低钙烧结法提铝的实验研究[J].煤炭转化,2022,45(3):61-70. |
ZHANG Weitao, CHEN Yanxin, ZHAO Bo,et al.Experimental study on extraction of aluminum from aluminum-rich coal gangue by low-calcium sintering[J].Coal Conversion,2022,45(3):61-70. | |
17 | 吴海滨,薛芳斌,郭彦霞,等.煤矸石制备聚合氯化铝工艺[J].洁净煤技术,2018,24(4):141-145. |
WU Haibin, XUE Fangbin, GUO Yanxia,et al.Technology of the preparation of polyaluminium chloride from coal gangue[J].Clean Coal Technology,2018,24(4):141-145. | |
18 | 王文杰,练伟,刘振英,等.微波水热煤矸石制备聚合氯化铝及其性能研究[J].安徽化工,2022,48(1):51-57. |
WANG Wenjie, LIAN Wei, LIU Zhenying,et al.Preparation of polyaluminum chloride from coal gangue by microwave hydrothermal method and its performance[J].Anhui Chemical Industry,2022,48(1):51-57. | |
19 | 任雪娇,夏举佩,张召述.煤矸石酸解制备氢氧化铝的实验研究[J].非金属矿,2012,35(2):12-14,27. |
REN Xuejiao, XIA Jupei, ZHANG Zhaoshu.Experimental study on producing alumina hydroxide with acid hydrolysis from coal gangue[J].Non-Metallic Mines,2012,35(2):12-14,27. | |
20 | 王明玮,杨静,马鸿文,等.利用煤矸石制备超细氢氧化铝的试验研究[J].中国粉体技术,2011,17(5):49-51. |
WANG Mingwei, YANG Jing, MA Hongwen,et al.Experimental study on preparation of ultrafine aluminum hydroxide powders from coal gangue[J].China Powder Science and Technology,2011,17(5):49-51. | |
21 | 苏源,张玉苍,姜杨.微波场中高含铁量煤矸石酸浸制备氧化铁的研究[J].洁净煤技术,2011,17(6):92-95. |
SU Yuan, ZHANG Yucang, JIANG Yang.Study on preparation of ferric oxide with acid pickling of iron-enriched gangue by microwave irradiation[J].Clean Coal Technology,2011,17(6):92-95. | |
22 | 师垒垒.高铁低铝煤矸石综合利用的基础研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2013. |
SHI Leilei.Basic research on comprehensive utilization of high-iron and low-alumina coal gangue[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2013. | |
23 | 孔德顺,范佳鑫,石开仪,等.高铁煤矸石酸浸液合成氧化铁红的实验研究[J].无机盐工业,2013,45(7):56-58. |
KONG Deshun, FAN Jiaxin, SHI Kaiyi,et al.Experimental study on preparation of iron oxide red from acid leaching solution of high-iron coal gangue[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry,2013,45(7):56-58. | |
24 | 郑森,杨劲,夏举佩,等.响应曲面法优化煤矸石酸溶物制备氧化铁红工艺[J].过程工程学报,2017,17(2):327-332. |
ZHENG Sen, YANG Jin, XIA Jupei,et al.Preparation iron oxide red based on acid soluble substances of coal gangue using response surface methodology[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2017,17(2):327-332. | |
25 | 刘成龙,李艳,梁浩,等.基于环境友好的酸浸煤矸石制备α-氧化铁研究[J].无机盐工业,2018,50(12):64-67. |
LIU Chenglong, LI Yan, LIANG Hao,et al.Preparation of α-Fe2O3 products based on environmentally friendly acid leaching of coal gangue[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry,2018,50(12):64-67. | |
26 | 刘维海,李淑敏,武泽民,等.煤矸石酸碱一步催化法制备SiO2气凝胶[J].矿产保护与利用,2022,42(1):165-171. |
LIU Weihai, LI Shumin, WU Zemin,et al.Preparation of SiO2 aerogel from coal gangue by one-step acid-base catalytic meth- | |
od[J].Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources,2022,42(1):165-171. | |
27 | 朱晓波,巩文辉,李望,等.活化焙烧-联合浸出法制备白炭黑实验研究[J].矿产综合利用,2021(6):29-33. |
ZHU Xiaobo, GONG Wenhui, LI Wang,et al.Experiment on preparation of white carbon by activated roasting and combined leaching[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2021(6):29-33. | |
28 | 程俊伟,黄明琴,赵君.煤矸石酸浸制备水玻璃工艺中参数条件对SiO2溶出率影响研究[J].环保科技,2021,27(6):1-5. |
CHENG Junwei, HUANG Mingqin, ZHAO Jun.Study on the influence of parameters for preparing sodium silicate on the dissolution rate of SiO2 from coal gangue acid slag[J].Environmental Protection and Technology,2021,27(6):1-5. | |
29 | 李发闯,郭战永,张倩,等.煤矸石酸浸除杂合成SiC的研究[J].河南工学院学报,2021,29(6):6-11. |
LI Fachuang, GUO Zhanyong, ZHANG Qian,et al.Study on synthesis of SiC by acid leaching of coal gangue[J].Journal of Henan Institute of Technology,2021,29(6):6-11. | |
30 | 秦身钧,徐飞,崔莉,等.煤型战略关键微量元素的地球化学特征及资源化利用[J].煤炭科学技术,2022,50(3):1-38. |
QIN Shenjun, XU Fei, CUI Li,et al.Geochemistry characteristics and resource utilization of strategically critical trace elements from coal-related resources[J].Coal Science and Technology,2022,50(3):1-38. | |
31 | 成俊伟.煤矸石铝锂溶出和提取研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2019. |
CHENG Junwei.Study on dissolution and extraction of aluminum and lithium from coal gangue[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2019. | |
32 | 刘广义,戴塔根.富镓煤矸石的综合利用[J].中国资源综合利用,2000,18(12):16-19. |
LIU Guangyi, DAI Tagen.Comprehensive utilization of gallium-rich coal gangue[J].China Resources Comprehensive Utilization,2000,18(12):16-19. | |
33 | 田爱杰,田爱民,孔令靓,等.正交实验法研究煤矸石中镓的提取工艺条件[J].中国锰业,2016,34(6):96-99. |
TIAN Aijie, TIAN Aimin, KONG Lingliang,et al.Production skill of gallium in gangue of orthogonal experiment[J].China′s Manganese Industry,2016,34(6):96-99. | |
34 | 李银,夏举佩,刘海浪,等.基于响应曲面法提取煤矸石中和液中镓的研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2017,36(3):953-959. |
LI Yin, XIA Jupei, LIU Hailang,et al.Extraction of gallium from coal gangue pickle liquor based on response surface methodolo- | |
gy[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2017,36(3):953-959. | |
35 | 李超,王丽萍,郭昭华,等.盐酸体系下镓的提取技术研究进展[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,2019,47(1):6-10. |
LI Chao, WANG Liping, GUO Zhaohua,et al.Research progress on gallium extraction technology in hydrochloric acid system[J].Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides,2019,47(1):6-10. | |
36 | 芦小飞,王磊,王新德,等.金属镓提取技术进展[J].有色金属,2008,60(4):105-108,114. |
LU Xiaofei, WANG Lei, WANG Xinde,et al.Research progress in gallium recovery technology[J].Nonferrous Metals,2008,60(4):105-108,114. | |
37 | 刘成龙,周莉莉,夏举佩,等.基于响应曲面法高效浸出煤矸石中钛的工艺优化[J].矿产综合利用,2021(6):59-65. |
LIU Chenglong, ZHOU Lili, XIA Jupei,et al.Optimization of high-efficiency leaching of titanium from coal gangue with response surface method[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resourc- | |
es,2021(6):59-65. | |
38 | FRANUS W, WIATROS MOTYKA M M, WDOWIN M.Coal fly ash as a resource for rare earth elements[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(12):9464-9474. |
39 | CAŁUS-MOSZKO J, BIAŁECKA B.Analysis of the possibilities of rare earth elements obtaining from coal and fly ash[J].Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi-Mineral Resources Management,2013,29(1):67-80. |
40 | ZHANG Wencai, HONAKER R.Calcination pretreatment effects on acid leaching characteristics of rare earth elements from middlings and coarse refuse material associated with a bituminous coal source[J].Fuel,2019,249:130-145. |
41 | PEIRAVI M, ACKAH L, GURU R,et al.Chemical extraction of rare earth elements from coal ash[J].Minerals & Metallurgical Processing,2017,34(4):170-177. |
42 | ZHANG Wencai, HONAKER R.Enhanced leachability of rare earth elements from calcined products of bituminous coals[J].Minerals Engineering,2019,142:105935. |
43 | 聂天成.焙烧活化对煤矸石中稀土元素的赋存及浸出影响研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2021. |
NIE Tiancheng.Study on the influence of roasting activation on the occurrence and leaching of rare earth elements in coal gan- | |
gue[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2021. | |
44 | 辜芳,李银,李浩林,等.煤矸石酸溶液中稀土混合萃取优化实验研究[J].化学工程,2020,48(5):31-36. |
GU Fang, LI Yin, LI Haolin,et al.Study on optimized experiment of mixed extraction of rare earths from acid solution of coal gangue[J].Chemical Engineering(China),2020,48(5):31-36. | |
45 | 夏晨康,李淑敏,胡博,等.以煤矸石为原料制备Al2O3-SiO2气凝胶的工艺与性能[J].硅酸盐通报,2022,41(2):607-615. |
XIA Chenkang, LI Shumin, HU Bo,et al.Preparation and properties of Al2O3-SiO2 aerogel from coal gangue[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2022,41(2):607-615. | |
46 | 梁止水,高琦,刘豪伟,等.煤矸石制备NaX型分子筛及其对Cd2+的吸附性能[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2020,50(4):741-747. |
LIANG Zhishui, GAO Qi, LIU Haowei,et al.Synthesis of NaX zeolite from coal gangue and its adsorption capability for Cd2+ [J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2020,50(4):741-747. | |
47 | JIN Yuxuan, LI Li, LIU Ze,et al.Synthesis and characterization of low-cost zeolite NaA from coal gangue by hydrothermal meth- |
od[J].Advanced Powder Technology,2021,32(3):791-801. | |
48 | ZHANG Yuanlan, LING T C.Reactivity activation of waste coal gangue and its impact on the properties of cement-based materials:A review[J].Construction and Building Materials,2020,234:117424. |
[1] | 毛诗泽. 微波焙烧活化煤矸石改善混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(3): 86-93. |
[2] | 韩伟, 宋永明, 刘琪, 徐金陵, 徐荣, 李春全, 殷帅军, 孙志明. 钙盐辅助热活化煤矸石及其活化PMS降解苯并[a]芘性能研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(1): 103-112. |
[3] | 曾一钧, 蒋子文, 蹇成宗, 全学军. 铬铁矿无钙焙烧渣中铬的深度提取研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(1): 90-96. |
[4] | 刘矜彤, 张洁, 周俊良, 吴兵党, 黄天寅, 杨晶晶. 涉锑废物流及锑回收途径现状概述[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(9): 1-11. |
[5] | 柴春镜, 冯政君, 吴海滨, 史晓凯, 张俊杰, 宋慧平. 煤矸石基多孔基质对土壤溶质运移的影响[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(9): 107-116. |
[6] | 李帅, 李天祥, 朱静, 刘松林. 氟化钠提纯工艺研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(9): 90-97. |
[7] | 袁尧森, 李恩泽, 吕宏洲, 宋一朋, 杨成立, 李娟娟. 喷雾干燥法在高盐有机废水中无机盐回收和有机质分解的应用研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(8): 83-91. |
[8] | 王君婷, 马航, 查坐统, 万邦隆, 张振环. 磷酸铁工业废水处理工艺研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(6): 26-33. |
[9] | 柏朝朋, 彭辉, 陈彧颋, 罗江, 张胜明. 含钌废料回收提纯及循环利用的工艺研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(4): 24-33. |
[10] | 李亚广, 韩东战, 齐利娟. 废旧锂离子电池预处理及电解液回收技术研究现状[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(2): 1-10. |
[11] | 葛建华, 谢敏燕, 欧阳全胜, 邵姣婧. 废旧动力电池正极材料再生工艺研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(12): 79-87. |
[12] | 赵润泽, 钱阿妞. 退役动力电池锂回收及电池级碳酸锂制备研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(12): 70-78. |
[13] | 黄昭杰, 赵晓旭, 王海涛, 常娜, 张国欣, 解永磊, 尹延梅, 路娜, 王威. 超滤+纳滤双膜法处理铁法磷酸铁生产废水的研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(11): 145-150. |
[14] | 于惠, 王榆彬, 廖折军, 杨云广. 废旧三元锂离子动力电池循环再生利用工艺概述[J]. 无机盐工业, 2023, 55(7): 32-37. |
[15] | 王本雷, 张桂生, 蒋凌云, 李晨, 王鹏飞, 李继霞, 臧甲忠. 羰基合成废铑液焙烧回收铑制备三氯化铑工艺研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2023, 55(6): 104-108. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
|