铁锗合金负极的限域封装及锂离子存储性能

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0591

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂离子电池商用负极石墨由于低的理论比容量（372 mA·h/g）无法满足日益增长的高能量密度需求。锗负极材料凭借更高的理论比容量（约为1 600 mA·h/g）被认为是一种很有前途的材料。但锗基负极材料在充放电过程中存在巨大的体积变化,使得其电化学性能差。因此,设计并制备了一种独特的锗基复合材料,该材料的合成首先采用溶剂热法制备有机-无机杂化Ge-Fe-O_x/EDA纳米线,接着进行多巴胺包覆,随后通过高温焙烧在内部原位生成FeGe/FeGe₂合金相和表面形成碳包覆,从而制得了限域封装的Ge/FeGe/FeGe₂@C纳米线铁锗合金负极。这种独特的结构有效提升锗负极材料的导电性和抑制体积变化,因此复合材料展现出优异的倍率性能（当电流密度为5 A/g时,放电比容量为450 mA·h/g）和良好的长循环稳定性（在电流密度为1 A/g条件下循环400圈后,放电比容量为547 mA·h/g）。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 锗基负极, 纳米线, 包覆, 限域封装

Abstract:

Commercial graphite anodes for lithium-ion batteries can’t meet the increasing demand for high energy density due to their low theoretical specific capacity（372 mA·h/g ）.The Ge anode material is considered a promising material due to its higher theoretical specific capacity （about 1 600 mA·h/g）.Unfortunately,the Ge anode material has a huge volume change during the charge and discharge process,exhibiting poor electrochemical performance.Therefore,a unique Ge-based composite anode was rationally designed and prepared.First,the organic-inorganic hybrid Ge-Fe-O_x/EDA nanowires were prepared by solvothermal method and then coated with dopamine.Subsequently,FeGe/FeGe₂ alloy phase was formed in situ and carbon coating was formed on the surface by high-temperature roasting,so as to prepare the encapsulated Ge/FeGe/FeGe₂@C nanowire irongermanium alloy anode.The unique structure effectively improved the conductivity of the Ge-based anode material and suppressed the volume change,so it exhibited excellent rate performance（the discharge capacity was 450 mA·h/g at the current density of 5 A/g） and excellent long cycle stability（achieving a high discharge capacity of 547 mA·h/g at 1 A/g after 400 cycles）.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, Ge-based anode, nanowires, coating, nanoconfined encapsulation

中图分类号:

TQ131.11

李方坤,王心怡,许希军,巫艺文,杨焱,刘军. 铁锗合金负极的限域封装及锂离子存储性能[J]. 无机盐工业, 2022, 54(4): 88-93.

LI Fangkun,WANG Xinyi,XU Xijun,WU Yiwen,YANG Yan,LIU Jun. Nanoconfined encapsulation of iron-germanium alloy anode and its lithium ion storage performance[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(4): 88-93.

图/表 6

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