锰酸锂材料在电化学提锂应用中的研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0052

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电化学提锂技术具有分离效率高、成本低和环境友好等优点，被广泛应用于盐湖卤水、地热水及海水等锂资源领域。电化学提锂系统依靠具有选择性的电极材料来实现锂离子（Li⁺）的选择性吸附，提锂性能主要由锂选择性电极材料决定。在众多锂选择性电极材料中，锰酸锂（LiMn₂O₄，LMO）具有电化学活性高、吸附容量大、选择性优异和安全无毒等优点，成为目前电化学提锂系统中最常用的锂选择性材料。然而，LMO本身较差的电子导电性、锰溶损和相转变等问题，使其在长期稳定电化学提锂应用中表现较差，极大地制约了其商业化应用。基于此，主要介绍了电化学提锂技术的原理和LMO材料在电化学提锂中的应用，并且总结和概述了LMO的主要改性方法，包括元素掺杂、表面包覆、结构调控和导电材料复合等。最后，从反应机理上概括了LMO现有的改性策略，并从实际应用的角度对电化学提锂系统的升级优化进行了展望和建议。

关键词: 电化学提锂, 锰酸锂, 元素掺杂, 表面包覆, 结构调控, 导电基体复合

Abstract:

The electrochemical lithium extraction technology is extensively utilized in extracting lithium resources from salt lake brine，geothermal brine，and seawater owing to its high separation efficiency，cost-effectiveness，and environmentally friendly nature.This technology operates on the selective adsorption of lithium ions by electrode materials，making the physicochemical properties of these materials crucial to the system's performance.Lithium manganese oxide stands out among electrode materials due to its exceptional electrochemical activity，adsorption capacity，safety profile，and non-toxicity.However，issues such as manganese dissolution and poor electronic conductivity during extended charge-discharge cycles hinder the commercial viability of lithium manganese oxide.The principles of capacitive deionization technology and the lithium extraction mechanism of LMO were elaborated.And the main modification methods of LMO were summarized and outlined，including element doping，surface coating，structural regulation，and composite formation with conductive substrates.Finally，the existing modification strategies of LMO were summarized from the reaction mechanism，and the upgrading and optimization of the electrochemical lithium extraction system were prospected and suggested from the perspective of practical application.

Key words: electrochemical lithium extraction, lithium manganese oxide, elemental doping, surface coating, structure regulation, composite conductive materials

中图分类号:

TQ131.11

付煜, 张柏爽, 杨健茂, 刘建允. 锰酸锂材料在电化学提锂应用中的研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(12): 62-69.

FU Yu, ZHANG Boshuang, YANG Jianmao, LIU Jianyun. Research progress of lithium manganese oxide materials in electrochemical lithium extraction applications[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(12): 62-69.

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