二氧化碳的捕集、固定与利用的研究进展

doi:10.11962/1006-4990.2019-0307

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面对不断恶化的温室效应所带来的危机,各国同意采取措施减少二氧化碳排放量,中国也已经承诺2030年左右碳排放达到峰值。然而,二氧化碳的排放控制和捕获（CCS）仍是全球环境的一大挑战。把二氧化碳封存和固定一直是学者们努力的方向和研究重点,并试图为实现更加彻底高效的碳捕获和封存引入新的方法——二氧化碳利用。有研究指出矿化是二氧化碳利用的新方向,其环保、低成本等优点吸引着人们的研究目光。在淡水资源短缺的另一重威胁下,利用海水进行碳捕获和利用推动了二氧化碳矿化的进一步研究。两者结合,不仅实现了二氧化碳的固定利用,还能解决来自海水淡化厂的海水预处理或卤水废弃物的利用。综述了近年来二氧化碳捕集、固定和利用方法的研究进展,通过对各种方法的利弊分析,发现碳利用的概念为CCS注入了新的活力。

关键词: 二氧化碳, CCS, 矿化, 海水

Abstract:

In the face of the crisis caused by the deteriorating greenhouse effect,countries have agreed to take measures to re-duce carbon dioxide emissions.China has promised to peak its carbon emissions around 2030.However,carbon dioxide emis-sions control and capture（CCS） remains a major global environmental challenge.Carbon dioxide sequestration has been the direction and focus of researchers,who also attempts to introduce a new method,i.e.carbon dioxide utilization to achieve more thorough and efficient carbon capture and sequestration.Some studies have pointed out that mineralization is a new direction of carbon dioxide utilization,and its advantages of environmental protection and low cost have attracted people′s attention.Carbon capture and utilization by seawater has promoted the further research of carbon dioxide mineralization under another threat of freshwater shortage,which not only achieves the fixed utilization of CO₂,but also solves the problem of seawater pre-treatment or brine waste utilization from the desalination plant.The research progress of carbon dioxide capture,fixation and utilization methods in recent years was summarized.Through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various methods,it was found that the concept of carbon utilization has injected new vitality into CCS.

Key words: carbon dioxide, CCS, utilization, mineralization, seawater

中图分类号:

TQ116.3

王建行,赵颖颖,李佳慧,袁俊生. 二氧化碳的捕集、固定与利用的研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2020, 52(4): 12-17.

Wang Jianhang,Zhao Yingying,Li Jiahui,Yuan Junsheng. Research progress of carbon dioxide capture,fixation and utilization[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(4): 12-17.

图/表 1

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