无机盐工业
主管:中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
主办:中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
   中海油炼油化工科学研究院(北京)有限公司
   中国化工学会无机酸碱盐专业委员会
ISSN 1006-4990 CN 12-1069/TQ

无机盐工业 ›› 2023, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 32-37.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0487

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

废旧三元锂离子动力电池循环再生利用工艺概述

于惠1(), 王榆彬1, 廖折军1,2, 杨云广1,2   

  1. 1.宁德邦普循环科技有限公司,福建 宁德 355200
    2.广东邦普循环科技有限公司,广东 佛山 528137
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-17 出版日期:2023-07-10 发布日期:2023-07-13
  • 作者简介:于惠(1998— ),男,工艺工程师,主要研究方向为湿法冶金;E-mail:1610208209@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“固废资源化”项目(2018YFC1901801);广东省电池循环利用企业重点实验室项目(2021年度)(2021B1212050002)

Overview of recycling and utilization process of waste ternary lithium-ion power batteries

YU Hui1(), WANG Yubin1, LIAO Zhejun1,2, YANG Yunguang1,2   

  1. 1. Ningde Brunp Recycling Technology Co. ,Ltd. ,Ningde 355200,China
    2. Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co. ,Ltd. ,Foshan 528137,China
  • Received:2022-08-17 Published:2023-07-10 Online:2023-07-13

摘要:

在能源危机与温室效应的环境大背景下,锂离子电池在动力电池以及储能领域大量应用。锂离子电池的使用周期只有3~5 a,之后电池就不能满足使用要求,需进行退役处理。而三元锂离子动力电池中的贵重金属含量远高于相应矿石原料中的含量,因此回收其中的贵重金属不仅能缓解资源问题,也能保护环境。综述了废旧三元锂离子动力电池的利用历程,主要包括梯次利用、湿法回收贵重金属以及再生工艺。湿法回收先以放电、破碎的形式进行预处理,然后用无机酸加还原剂浸出后通过化学沉淀和相似相溶原理进行除杂,再通过再生技术重新合成前驱体,最后经过烧结生成正极材料,并分析了现有应用技术的优缺点。未来的回收利用工艺应朝着绿色环保、低价友好的方向发展与研究。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 三元电池, 梯次利用, 回收再生

Abstract:

In the context of energy crisis and greenhouse effect,lithium-ion batteries are widely used in power batteries and energy storage.The service life of lithium-ion battery is only 3~5 years.After that,the battery will not meet the service requirements and needs to be decommissioned.However,the precious metals in ternary lithium-ion power batteries are much higher than the corresponding ore raw materials,so recycling the precious metals can not only alleviate the resource problems,but also protect the environment.The utilization process of waste ternary lithium ion power batteries was reviewed,including the cascade utilization,wet recovery of precious metals and regeneration process.The wet recovery was pretreating in the form of discharge and crushing,and then leaching with inorganic acid and reducing agent,and then removing impurities through chemical precipitation and similar phase solution principle,and then resynthesizing precursor through regeneration technology,and finally generating cathode materials through sintering.The advantages and disadvantages of existing application technologies were analyzed.The future development of recycling technology should be green,low-cost and environmentally friendly.

Key words: Lithium ion battery, ternary battery, step utilization, recycling and regeneration

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