凹凸棒土复合材料在催化领域的应用现状

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2020-0557

Abstract

Abstract:

As a non-metallic mineral material,attapulgite has abundant reserves and special structure.Due to its good adsorp-tion performance and catalytic performance,it is commonly used as catalyst or catalyst carrier.In order to better understand and make full use of attapulgite resources,the basic properties of attapulgite and the influence of different modification meth-ods including acid modification and alkali modification on the properties of attapulgite were briefly introduced.And the cur-rent application of attapulgite composite materials in the field of photocatalysis,gas phase catalysis,electrocatalysis,and other catalysis fields were mainly described.Through comparison,the attapulgite composite material was found to exhibit higher ap-plication value in catalysis fields,especially the photocatalysis field.Finally,the advantage and the further application of the attapulgite composite materials in the treatment of wastewater by photocatalysis were summarized and prospected.

Key words: attapulgite, composite materials, photocatalysis, gas phase catalysis, electrocatalysis

CLC Number:

TB332

Ma Ruixiao,Xu Juan,Zhang Yanhui. Application status of attapulgite-based composite materials in field of catalysis[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(10): 22-27.

Figures/Tables 6

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Table 1

Table 2

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References 40

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改性方法	改性机理	主要改性结果
酸改性^[9,13]	去除大颗粒物质及MgO、Al₂O₃等氧化物和碳酸盐类杂质;打断和分散凹土内部密集的晶束;H⁺置换出晶体间的K⁺、Na⁺和Mg²⁺等离子	孔隙率增大,活性位点增多;改变表面带电性
碱改性^[14]	腐蚀凹土中Si—O—Si（M）键;OH^-与部分替换出的阳离子结合生成沉淀;置换出凹土内部存在的金属阳离子（如Na⁺置换Al³⁺等）	增大孔容体积和比表面积;提高吸附能力;增强表面负电性
盐改性^[15]	与酸改性相似,半径小的离子置换出凹土层间半径较大的离子	疏通孔道,增大比表面积;增加活性位点,提高吸附性
热改性^[7,10]	在不同温度下蒸发凹土内部不同的水分	增大比表面积;增强吸附能力
有机改性^[11,16]	凹土表面带负电荷,大多使用阳离子表面活性剂改性; 在凹土表面接枝特定官能团（如接枝含氨基的大分子等）	提高吸附能力和选择性;增强或改变表面的带电性;增强疏水性

材料	改性或复合前比表面积/（m²·g^-1）	改性或复合后比表面积/（m²·g^-1）
350 ℃改性凹土^[7]	97.48	116.78
β-环糊精改性凹土^[12]	81.10	88.20
铝盐改性凹土^[15]	13.61	121.99
CeVO₄-ATP复合材料^[17]	139.437	217.571

制备方法	优点	缺点
水热法^[17]	设备要求低,条件可控,制作成本低	能耗大,一般耗时较长
浸渍法^[18]	操作简便,要求低	稳定性有待提高
溶胶-凝胶法^[19]	合成温度低,产品尺寸小	反应时间较长,有时涉及有害物质

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Application status of attapulgite-based composite materials in field of catalysis

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