铬渣-稻壳压片热解解毒新工艺研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0345

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铬渣是由铬铁矿生产铬盐过程中产生的废渣，其中含有水溶性和不溶性六价铬，其对生态环境和人体健康具有潜在的伤害作用，因此研究铬渣的高效低成本解毒工艺，对其实现资源化利用和绿色发展具有重要意义。该研究提出一种铬渣-稻壳压片热解高效解毒工艺，将铬渣与农业废弃物稻壳进行混合热解，利用稻壳热解产生的还原性气体及生物质炭将铬渣中的Cr（Ⅵ）还原为无毒的三价铬［Cr（Ⅲ）］。重点考察了稻壳/铬渣质量比、热解温度、热解时间和热解升温速率等工艺参数对铬渣解毒效果的影响规律。结果表明：在铬渣-稻壳压片中稻壳用量为1.00 g/g、热解温度为500 ℃、热解时间为20 min，升温速率为10 ℃/min的条件下，铬渣中Cr（Ⅵ）含量从1 058.85 mg/kg降低到52.54 mg/kg；铬渣-稻壳压片与粉料混合物热解工艺相比，解毒率提升到96.74%，解毒后的铬渣达到了GB 5085.3—2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》中规定的Cr（Ⅵ）危险废弃物鉴别标准。并对解毒后的铬渣进行了X射线衍射（XRD）分析，结果表明铬渣热解解毒前后物相一致。该研究结果可为无钙焙烧铬渣的无害化处理提供新的技术思路。

关键词: 铬渣, 热解, 稻壳, 解毒

Abstract:

Chromium slag is the waste residue produced in the process of chromite production，which contains water-soluble and insoluble hexavalent chromium and has potential harm to the ecological environment and human health.Therefore，it is of great significance to study the efficient and low-cost detoxification process of chromium slag for realizing its resource utilization and green development.In this paper，an efficient detoxification process was proposed for the pyrolysis of chromium slag and rice husk.Chromium slag and agricultural waste rice husk were mixed for pyrolysis，and Cr（Ⅵ） in chromium slag was reduced to non-toxic trivalent chromium［Cr（Ⅲ）］ by using reducing gas and biochar generated by the pyrolysis of rice husk.The effects of rice husk/chromium slag mass ratio，pyrolysis temperature，pyrolysis time and pyrolysis heating rate on the detoxification effect of chromium slag were investigated.The results showed that under the conditions of rice husk consumption of 1.00 g/g，pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃，pyrolysis time of 20 min and heating rate of 10 ℃/min，Cr（Ⅵ） content in chromium slag was decreased from 1 058.85 mg/kg to 52.54 mg/kg.Compared with the pyrolysis process of powder mixture，the pyrolysis process of chromium slag-rice husk compendization reduced the Cr（Ⅵ） content in chromium slag to 52.54 mg/kg.The detoxification rate was increased to 96.74%，and the chromium slag after detoxification reached the Cr（Ⅵ） hazardous waste identification standard stipulated in the national standard GB 5085.3—2007“Identification standards for hazardous wastes—Identification for extraction toxicity”.X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis was conducted on the chromium slag after detoxification，and the results showed that the material was the same before and after detoxification.The research results could provide a new technical idea for the harmless treatment of calcined chromium slag without calcium.

Key words: chromium slag, pyrolysis, rice hull, detoxify

中图分类号:

TQ136.1

蒋孟芝, 蒋章豪, 全学军, 李纲, 韦应, 闫春宇. 铬渣-稻壳压片热解解毒新工艺研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(6): 93-99.

JIANG Mengzhi, JIANG Zhanghao, QUAN Xuejun, LI Gang, WEI Ying, YAN Chunyu. Study on new pyrolysis detoxification technology of chromium slag-rice husk briquette[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(6): 93-99.

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样品名称	Cr（Ⅵ）浸出质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）	Cr（Ⅵ）平均值/（mg·L^-1）	总铬浸出质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）	总铬平均值/ （mg·L^-1）
原始铬渣	40.40	40.40	40.41	40.41
	40.41		40.41
	40.38		40.40
解毒后的铬渣	2.52	2.52	2.53	2.53
	2.52		2.53
	2.53		2.53

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