氨法捕碳技术再生过程无机添加剂效应研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0684

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来,二氧化碳等温室气体的过量排放已成为全球气候变化的主要原因,为达到“碳达峰、碳中和”的目标,中国积极参与国际社会碳减排行动,主动顺应全球绿色低碳发展潮流。由于中国正处于新旧能源结构交替的过渡期,二氧化碳重要来源是以化石燃料燃烧为主的火电厂排放的烟气,因此减少烟气排放并进行二氧化碳捕集仍是碳减排的关键。碳捕集与封存（Carbon Capture and Storage,CCS）技术中的氨法碳捕集技术具有众多优点,成为目前研究热点之一。通过类比氨法脱碳过程中添加剂对氨逃逸与二氧化碳脱除效果的影响,重点分析了无机添加剂对富液解吸的影响,对国内外的研究进展进行了综述,对该技术未来发展方向进行了展望,包括再生机理、再生能耗、氨逸出、添加剂与吸收剂的循环利用与过渡金属氧化物的尝试等。

关键词: 氨法脱碳, 再生过程, CO₂, 氨逸出, 无机添加剂

Abstract:

In recent years,excessive emission of carbon dioxide（CO₂） and other greenhouse gases has increasingly become a serious global issue of climate change.In order to achieve the goal of“Carbon peak and carbon neutralization”,China actively participates in the carbon emission reduction in the world and closely follows the global trend of green and low-carbon development.China is in the transitional period from the old to the new energy structure,the most important source of carbon dioxide is the flue gas emission from fossil fuel fired thermal power plants.Therefore,it is still the key concern by reducing the flue gas emissions.Using ammonia method to capture carbon in carbon capture and storage（CCS） has become one of the current research highlights with many advantages.By analogying the effect of additives on the inhibition of ammonia escape and CO₂ removal effect during the ammonia absorption,the effect of inorganic additives on the desorption of rich liquid in regeneration was mainly analyzed,the research progress at home and abroad was reviewed,and the future development direction of this technology was prospected,including the regeneration mechanism,regeneration energy consumption,ammonia escape,recycling of additives and absorbents,and the attempts of transition metal oxides in the process,etc.

Key words: ammonia decarbonization, regeneration process, CO₂, ammonia escape, inorganic additives

中图分类号:

TQ127.1

乔琨,吕泽宁,杨立军,杜小泽. 氨法捕碳技术再生过程无机添加剂效应研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2022, 54(10): 79-86.

QIAO Kun,LÜ Zening,YANG Lijun,DU Xiaoze. Research progress on effect of inorganic additives on regeneration process of carbon capture by ammonia[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(10): 79-86.

图/表 3

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添加剂名称	类型	实验条件	性能评价
乙醇^[34]	有机	反应温度为20 ℃,氨质量分数为5%	反应4 h时,CO₂脱除效率能达到95%,比空白组高10%,抑制氨逃逸效果研究较少
氨甲基丙醇、氨甲基丙二醇、烯丙基乙基丙二醇、氨基丁三醇^[35]	有机	反应温度为25 ℃,氨质量分数为10%,压力为0.1 MPa；反应温度为40 ℃,氨质量分数为 10%,压力为0.1 MPa	其中氨甲基丙二醇CO₂脱除效率最高,最高能达到71%,其余添加剂最高达到60%；抑制氨逃逸效果由弱到强分别是氨甲基丙二醇、烯丙基乙基丙二醇、氨甲基丙醇、氨基丁三醇,其中氨基丁三醇抑制率接近52%
聚乙二醇二甲醚^[36]	有机	反应温度为20 ℃,氨质量分数为1.2%	抑制氨逃逸效果达到24.8%
乙二醇、甘油、甘氨酸^[37]	有机	反应温度为40 ℃,氨质量分数为9%,添加剂质量分数为1%	在CO₂吸收过程中抑制氨效果最好的是甘油,达到63.9%,接下来是乙二醇、甘氨酸
ZnCl₂、Zn（NO₃）₂、ZnSO₄^[38]	无机	压力为0.1 MPa,反应温度为0 ℃,氨质量分数为0.77%	平均CO₂脱除效率为87.9%~89.4%,并且锌盐对其促进脱除效率影响较为轻微
Cu（OH）₂^[39]	无机	常压,氨质量分数为9%,反应温度为30 ℃,CO₂体积分数为20%	CO₂的脱除率达到95%以上,质量浓度为0.2 g/L的 Cu（OH）₂加入后抑制氨效果最好,约为40%,其效果优于0.1 g/L和0.5 g/L的Cu（OH）₂
CoCl₂^[33]	无机	反应温度为15 ℃,氨质量分数为8%,CO₂体积分数为15%	实验条件下Co离子的最佳添加浓度为0.05 mol/L左右,氨逃逸抑制效率为40.45%,且改变实验温度时,随着温度的增加,抑制效果提高

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