无机盐工业 ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (5): 11-19.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2023-0446
沈海燕1(), 李芳芹1,2(
), 任建兴1, 吴江1, 官贞珍1, 潘卫国1,2
收稿日期:
2023-09-07
出版日期:
2024-05-10
发布日期:
2024-05-15
通讯作者:
李芳芹(1976— ),副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为清洁煤燃烧技术及污染物控制;E-mail:lifangqin@shiep.edu.cn。作者简介:
沈海燕(1997— ),女,硕士,研究方向为碳捕集;E-mail:1825504173@qq.com。
基金资助:
SHEN Haiyan1(), LI Fangqin1,2(
), REN Jianxing1, WU Jiang1, GUAN Zhenzhen1, PAN Weiguo1,2
Received:
2023-09-07
Published:
2024-05-10
Online:
2024-05-15
摘要:
近年来,由于化石燃料的大量燃烧,二氧化碳的排放量剧增,进而引起了一系列生态问题。因此,研究更有效的二氧化碳捕集技术及更高效的二氧化碳吸收剂迫在眉睫。众多学者综合考虑燃烧前捕集、燃烧后捕集和富氧燃烧3种二氧化碳捕集工艺技术后,发现燃烧后捕集工艺技术最适合工业应用。化学吸收法作为燃烧后捕集二氧化碳的一项高效节能、相对成熟的新兴技术,是目前电厂应用最广和最具潜力的捕集技术之一。首先介绍了碳捕集技术的研究现状,然后着重阐述了目前碳捕集技术中备受关注的4种化学吸收剂,即有机胺溶液吸收剂、离子液体吸收剂、氨水溶液吸收剂和新型相变吸收剂,并分别探讨了这4种吸收剂的捕集原理、研究现状、各自的优缺点及改进方向。
中图分类号:
沈海燕, 李芳芹, 任建兴, 吴江, 官贞珍, 潘卫国. 化学吸收法捕集二氧化碳的研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(5): 11-19.
SHEN Haiyan, LI Fangqin, REN Jianxing, WU Jiang, GUAN Zhenzhen, PAN Weiguo. Research progress on chemical absorption method for capturing carbon dioxide[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(5): 11-19.
表2
不同吸收剂性能的对比
吸收剂类型 | 优点 | 缺点 |
---|---|---|
有机胺溶液吸收剂 | 成本较低、捕集能力强、反应稳定和技术成熟 | 混合胺吸收剂仍需深入研究,进一步降低再生能耗,减少设备腐蚀,才能最终实现大规模工业化应用 |
氨水溶液吸收剂 | 与传统的MEA溶液相比,效率更高,成本更低,能协同脱除多种酸性气体 | 氨逃逸现象会造成环境污染、仪器堵塞的问题,严重限制了氨法的应用 |
离子液体吸收剂 | CO2溶解度高、选择性好、稳定性好、挥发性低、腐蚀性低 | 吸收容量低、黏度高、成本高昂,需要通过开发简单的合成方法来降低成本 |
新型相变吸收剂 | 与传统的MEA溶液相比,新型相变吸收剂的吸收容量和循环容量更高,再生能耗更低,可降至1 610~2 870 kJ/kg | 目前对于新型相变吸收剂的研究还不够成熟,难以应用于工业,对于新型相变溶液的挥发和降解特性研究还不足 |
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