Lithium sulfur batteries（LSBs） have attracted considerable attention as promising next-generation energy storage devices due to their high theoritical energy density.Although the electrochemical performance of LSBs has been significantly enhanced over the past decade，most of their test condition is based on excessive electrolyte usage.High electrolyte usage not only increases the manufacturing cost of batteries but also reduces their actual energy density，Which is detrimental to commercial applications of LSBs.Therefore，it is especially critical to develop LSBs that combine low electrolyte usage with excellent electrochemical performance.The challenges faced by LSBs under lean electrolyte conditions were outlined and the approaches based on sulfur electrode design to reduce electrolyte usage were discussed in detail：1）optimizing electrode porosity and ion conduction to shorten the transport path of lithium ions and enhance their conductivity；2）introducing meta-based or nonmetallic-based catalysis to enhance the reaction kinetics of active materials under lean electrolyte conditions；3）developing novel active materials to avoid the degradation of battery performance caused by the large amount of lithium polysulfides dissolved in the electrolyte under lean electrolyte conditions.Finally，the perspectives on further optimizing the design of sulfur cathode to develop high-energy-density LSBs with lean electrolyte were proposed.

Lithium-ion batteries are commercialized due to their high working voltage and energy density.However，the limited lithium resources have hampered their widespread application.Sodium-ion batteries（SIBs） have similar electrochemical behavior and rich sodium salt resources，which have attracted wide attention.The current SIBs use organic electrolytes，which have many safety issues such as leakage and combustion，and the use of solid-state electrolytes can effectively solve the above problems.However，the ionic conductivity of this electrolyte needs to be further improved，and the problems of the consistency of the synthesized material and the large interface impedance between the electrode and electrolyte limit its practical application.To settle the problem of ionic conductivity，the effects of substituted different multi-valence metal ions were summarized and analyzed.In view of the interface problems，the existing interface modification methods of Na_1+x Zr₂Si _x P_3-x O₁₂ electrolytes from the cathode and anode sides were reviewed and analyzed.Finally，the development direction of Na_1+x Zr₂Si _x P_3-x O₁₂ solid electrolytes was forecasted，which was expected to promote the development of solid SIBs.

China is rich in phosphorus ore resources，but most of them are medium and low⁃grade phosphorus ore，which need to be beneficiated to be used in chemical production.Phosphorus tailings are solid wastes with low phosphorus content produced by beneficiation of phosphorus ore，which can be regarded as low⁃grade phosphorus tailings，mainly composed of calcium oxide，magnesium oxide，phosphorus pentoxide，silica，and have great potential for comprehensive utilization.In this paper，in view of the structure，composition，and physicochemical properties of phosphorus tailings，the current situation and research progress of the comprehensive utilization of phosphorus tailings were reviewed.The utilization of phosphorus tailings in the filling of the mine，leaching of calcium and magnesium and other valuable elements，re⁃election and recovery of phosphorus elements，agricultural applications，building applications，environmental protection applications and other aspects was elaborated in detail.The problems faced in the comprehensive utilization of phosphorus tailings were analyzed and prospects for its development were outlooked.It was pointed out that the development of a new environmentally friendly and efficient comprehensive utilization process of phosphorus tailings was the development direction of phosphorus tailings utilization，which was the common need of phosphorus chemical enterprises and society and it was in line with the basic national policy of green and efficient utilization of resources and sustainable development.

Benzene，toluene，xylene（BTX） is wildly used to synthetize high value products such as rubber，textile fibers，pharmaceuticals，and spices as an important raw materials of organic chemical.Recently，with the rapidly development of domestic petrochemical industry，the demand for BTX was increased by 2%~6% annually.In addition，the increasingly stringent environmental requirements for aromatics reforming technology promoted the continuous development of olefin removal catalyst for aromatic reforming oil.Based on these points，the research status and existed problems of two traditional olefin removal agents including the granular activated clay and selective hydrogenation refining catalysts were summarized firstly.Then，the catalysis，deactivation mechanism and industrial application status of emerging zeolite catalysts were emphatically introduced.Finally，the modification methods of zeolite were reviewed from three aspects：morphology and grain size regulation，pore structure controlment，and acidity adjustment.The design and development directions of molecular sieve catalysts for future industrial aromatics continuous reforming units were pointed out.

In recent years，the application of lithium-ion batteries has seen explosive growth in various fields，and almost every field has placed higher demands on the energy density of lithium-ion batteries to meet the ever-increasing demand for power and energy storage.Nevertheless，during the initial charge/discharge cycle of a lithium-ion battery，a solid electrolyte interface（SEI） film forms on the surface of the anode，resulting in the depletion of active lithium ions in the cathode materials.This phenomenon leads to an irreversible loss of battery capacity and a reduction in the first-time coulombic efficiency of the battery.Research has demonstrated that the pre-lithiation technique represents a viable solution to the issue at hand.The findings indicate that pre-lithiation of the cathode confers greater benefits than pre-lithiation of the anode.The common lithium replenishment technologies were mainly described，such as binary lithium-containing compounds，ternary lithium-containing compounds and organic lithium salts，etc.The progress of cathode pre-lithiation additive materials in optimising performance was also reviewed.It was pointed out that there were some urgent problems to be solved，and looked forward to the future of pre-lithiation technology.

Natural cellulose-based hydrogels have strong adsorption properties and are excellent adsorbent for removing heavy metal ions，but hydrogels strength is weak.Through free radical polymerization，acrylic acid（AA） and acrylamide（AM） were grafted onto sodium carboxymethyl cellulose（CMC），and further self-made nano-calcium carbonate（NCC） was doped into the cellulose hydrogel，successfully preparing NCC/CMC composite hydrogel.The pressive performance test results showed that the maximum stress was 48.52 kPa when the maximum strain was 80% and the mass fraction of NCC was 2.5%，and it still reached 39.64 kPa after 20 cycles.The morphology and structure of the hydrogel were characterized using SEM，FT-IR，XRD，and N₂ adsorption-desorption test.The results showed that the composite hydrogel had an abundant surface porous structure with a specific surface area of 7.775 m²/g，which was belonged to mesoporous materials.The effects of pH，initial mass concentration of copper ion solution，and temperature on the adsorption amount of copper ions were investigated.The results showed that when the pH of the copper ion solution was 5.5，the temperature was 30 ℃，and the initial mass concentration of the copper ion solution was 150 mg/L，the maximum adsorption capacity of NCC/CMC composite hydrogel for copper ions reached 178 mg/g，and the adsorption capacity was 30 mg/g higher than that of CMC hydrogel.The adsorption process was followed the Langmuir model and the Pseudo-second order.After 5 consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles，the composite hydrogel still has good regeneration performance.

Calcium silicate hydrate（CSH） is a kind of important heavy metal adsorbent，which plays an important role in both natural self-purification process and artificial environmental purification and restoration.Functionalization of CSH adsorbent for Fe³⁺ adsorption can achieve reduction and detoxification of heavy metal Cr（Ⅵ）.Firstly，CSH was prepared by extracting steel slag filtrate from an acid leaching process as the Ca source and Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O as the Si source.The resulting CSH was used to adsorb Fe³⁺ metal ions by ion exchange and electrostatic attraction.Subsequently，by using thiourea as S source，the CSH adsorbent loaded by Fe³⁺ was hydrothermally transformed into xFeS@CSH（x was the initial concentration of Fe³⁺，mg/L）.When the mass concentration of Fe³⁺ was 150 mg/L，150FeS@CSH sample possessed the best Cr（Ⅵ） reduction property.When pH=2，the reduction conversion rate of Cr（Ⅵ） （10 mg/L，60 mL） could reach 100% after 4 minutes of reaction.Meanwhile，by adjusting the pH of the solution and reaction time（pH=3，reaction time of 30 min），Cr（Ⅲ） fixation and total Cr removal could also be achieved.The active FeS phase achieved Cr（Ⅵ） reduction，and with the increase of solution pH，the reduction product Cr（Ⅲ） was fixed on the material surface in the form of Cr（OH）₃，Cr₂O₃，etc.

The direct regeneration of deeply deactivated ternary cathode materials can effectively reduce energy consumption and alleviate environmental burdens，achieving clean recycling and reuse of lithium-ion batteries. However，it has been found that the direct regeneration of materials dismantled often has poor effects. Therefore，research on the characteristic analysis and pretreatment of deeply deactivated ternary cathode materials from retired lithium-ion batteries was conducted. A systematic study of the deactivated cathode materials using various characterization techniques showed that the deeply deactivated ternary cathode materials contained a significant amount of binder PVDF，conductive carbon black，and salt impurities，and their crystal structure was severely damaged. Moreover，electrochemical results showed that the specific capacity was only 30 mA·h/g，which was far below that of commercial material，indicating a significant degradation in battery capacity. In order to effectively regenerate the ternary cathode materials，a high-temperature calcination pretreatment for impurity removal was carried out in an oxygen atmosphere. Calcination at 550 ℃ for 4 h could completely remove conductive carbon black and other impurity components from the deactivated cathode materials，without significantly affecting the composition and structure of the materials，thus laying the foundation for subsequent processing such as direct regeneration.

SSZ-13 zeolite membrane is widely used in the separation of light gases，such as CO₂/CH₄，CO₂/N₂，due to its special pore structure，CO₂ adsorption and good thermal stability.Strontium feldspar，as an aluminosilicate feldspar，is an ideal material for the rapid and efficient preparation of SSZ-13 zeolite membranes because of its double six-membered ring structure necessary for the synthesis of SSZ-13 zeolite in its crystal structure.SSZ-13 zeolite seeds were prepared by crystal transformation using strontium feldspar as raw material，and then SSZ-13 zeolite membranes for gas separation were successfully prepared on α-Al₂O₃ and strontium feldspar supports by secondary growth method.The structure and properties of the samples were characterized by XRD，SEM，N₂ adsorption and desorption.The single-component gas permeation flux and gas selectivity of CO₂ and CH₄ were carried out on the SSZ-13 zeolite membrane prepared by strontium feldspar crystal transformation.The results showed that the permeation flux of CO₂ by SSZ-13 zeolite membrane in this study was 1.827×10^-6~2.539×10^-6 mol/（m²·s·Pa），while the permeation flux of CH₄ was below 1×10^-7 mol/（m²·s·Pa）.The zeolite membrane with excellent gas separation performance was prepared.Compared with the traditional synthesis method，the strontium feldspar raw material and the secondary growth method used in this study significantly increased the crystallization rate and reduced the production cost and energy consumption.Therefore，it had broad development prospects in the field of preparing zeolite membrane for gas separation.

Emulsified oil is more difficult to be removed because of its small particle size and difficult to be agglomerated.Coagulation is widely used in the treatment of emulsified oil.However，the traditional iron and aluminum salt coagulants produce small flocs and have slow generation rate，which make it difficult to realize the rapid separation of oil and water，resulting in poor deep oil removal effect.The new titanium salt coagulant is expected to solve the application problem of iron aluminum salt coagulant due to its outstanding coagulation performance.In this paper，a new type of titanium gel coagulant（TXC） for the treatment of oily wastewater was evaluated by using four kinds of simulated emulsified oil water，such as lubricating oil，soybean oil，petroleum ether and diesel oil，and choosing polyferric sulfate（PFS） and polyaluminum chloride（PAC） as the control.The results showed that TXC had better coagulation effect on emulsified oil wastewater than PFS and PAC.Taking lubricating oil as an example，in the initial pH range of 3~11，dosage of 1~60 mg/L and oil content of 500~2 000 mg/L，the oil removal rate of TXC was up to 91.526%.It was better than PFS and PAC.The turbidity of the oil-bearing wastewater after TXC coagulation was less than 1 NTU，and the particle size of the oil was the smallest，which indicated that TXC had the application potential of deep oil removal.The results of floc characterization showed that TXC mainly removed oil by net sweeping，and because of its large floc size，it was easier to remove small particle size oil droplets.The research results provided new ideas for the treatment of oily wastewater，especially emulsified oil wastewater.

Carbon dioxide electrocatalytic reduction（CO₂RR） technology which converts CO₂ into fuel and high value⁃added chemicals is one of the effective ways to alleviate the current resources，environment，and many other problems.Among numerous products of CO₂RR，ethanol has a relatively high energy density and economic value.However，due to the complex elementary process，and it is affected by the mass transfer and by⁃product hydrogen evolution，the process of CO₂RR⁃to⁃ethanol is often accompanied by a series of problems such as high potential，low reaction，and low selectivity.Therefore，the current design ideas of CO₂RR to ethanol catalytic system and the research progress of catalytic materials by using the “tandem process” of system coupling，the “tandem reaction” of active site coupling，and the “synergy reaction” that highlights the “electronic effect”，“strain effect” and “confinement effect” were reviewed.It was proposed that “tandem catalysis” and “synergy catalysis” were the two main strategies for the design of electrocatalytic systems at present.It was also suggested that mechanism⁃based catalysts design was the key to improving the performance of CO₂RR to ethanol process under different electrocatalytic strategies.

Zeolite is a widely used inorganic crystalline material，but its synthesis process usually takes a long time，which reduces its synthesis efficiency.Therefore，the development of rapid synthesis technology of zeolite is the key technology to improve the synthesis efficiency of zeolite，but also an important means to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of zeolite for the actual industrial production.The progress of rapid synthesis of zeolite at home and abroad commonly used technology was introduced.The rapid synthesis technology was classified and elaborated from three aspects，including the addition of crystallization promoter，process intensification technology and other synthesis technology.The inner reason for each technology to accelerate the zeolite synthesis speed was explained and at the same time their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed.Finally，based on the characteristics of each technology combined with the current requirements for environmental protection in the actual production of zeolites，the future development direction of molecular sieve rapid synthesis technology was proposed.

In recent years，lithium iron phosphate，a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries，has attracted wide attention，driving its precursor iron phosphate related research and production to show explosive growth.However，the mainstream process of iron phosphate production produce a lot of wastewater，restricting the green and healthy development of iron phosphate industry.At present，the reported treatment methods of industrial wastewater of iron phosphate include precipitation method，magnesium ammonium sulfate crystallization，microbial decomposition，membrane separation，etc.But the sludge produced by precipitation method is difficult to treat and recover，magnesium ammonium phosphate method requires the addition of additional agents to meet the precipitation conditions，the stability and flexibility of microbial method are poor，and the membrane separation method should be combined with other treatment techniques to pretreat the membrane inlet water and to treat the membrane concentrated water for reuse.Therefore，in industrial application，a variety of technologies are often combined to form a comprehensive treatment method，which can achieve a better treatment effect on iron phosphate wastewater.Finally，the future wastewater treatment technology of iron phosphate industry was prospected from the aspects of efficient wastewater pretreatment and valuable elements recovery and reuse.

Urea oxidation reaction（UOR） is a widely recognized sustainable clean energy technology，which is expected to become an effective process for treating urea-containing wastewater and converting it into energy.Compared to the high-energy-consuming oxygen evolution reaction（OER），UOR exhibits a lower thermodynamic potential，suggesting its potential as an alternative to OER.Urea，as a stable multifunctional substance，especially exhibits good stability at ambient temperature and is considered a potential alternative to hydrogen in fuel cells.However，UOR involves complex intermediate adsorption/desorption processes，necessitating efficient catalysts.Through morphological engineering，alloy effects，and atomic doping，microstructure-controlled modified catalysts can achieve exceptional UOR performance.Although there is an abundance of research and reviews on microstructure-controlled catalysts，this review is aimed to systematically summarize the cutting-edge design strategies of microstructure-controlled catalysts and their applications in electrocatalysis，exploring how to optimize the structure and function of catalysts by different strategies，thereby enhancing their performance in UOR.

Glycerol is an important by-product in the production process of biodiesel with low prices and abundant reserves.Converting glycerol into high value-added fine chemicals is one of the effective ways to alleviate the current problems of resources and environment.Glycerol electrooxidation reaction（GEOR） has great application prospects due to its advantages of no need for oxidants and generation of clean energy H₂ at the cathode.However，the high cost and scarcity of precious metal catalysts limit their commercial application.Therefore，there is an urgent need to develop efficient non-noble metal catalysts to replace noble metal catalysts.Based on a brief introduction of glycerol oxidation mechanism，recent research on transition metal-based GEOR catalysts and various catalyst design strategies to enhance glycerol oxidation performance were reviewed.These strategies included doping engineering，alloy strategies，heterogeneous structure building，composite engineering and crystal phase adjustment.Finally，the challenges faced by transition metal-based catalysts in GEOR were prospected.

In recent years，as a conceptually new two-dimensional layered material，black phosphorus（BP） has good development potential in semiconductor，electrochemistry，solar cells，photocatalysis，flame retardant，biomedicine and other fields owing to its unique structure and excellent physicochemical properties，such as large specific surface area，high anisotropy，wide light absorption，high carrier mobility.Due to the high cost of black phosphorus，further advancement and application of this material have been hindered，thereby making the research on its synthesis processes become a focus topic.The preparation processes of black phosphorus were reviewed.Firstly，the physicochemical properties of black phosphorus and its application fields were introduced.Subsequently，various synthesis methods were outlined，encompassing high-pressure methods，mechanical ball milling，solvothermal synthesis，bismuth melting process，mercury reflux method，and chemical vapor transport（CVT） method，etc.Particular emphasis was placed on the optimization procedures and mechanism related to CVT.The advantages and disadvantages of each preparation technique were summarized and the future development direction was prospected.

The crystallization of potassium salts in high-potassium-content liquid fertilizer at relatively low temperature is closely related to the solubility of potassium salt.In this study，the liquid-solid equilibrium data of KH₂PO₄-KNO₃-H₂O at the low temperature of 278.15 K and 288.15 K，and that of KH₂PO₄-KCl-H₂O at 278.15 K were measured using the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method，and the data was plotted in the phase diagrams with specified crystallization regimes.The results showed that the two systems were simple co-saturated and no double salt or solid solution forms.In two systems，the solubility of potassium salts was increased with the increase of temperature，and according to phase diagrams the K₂O content of co-saturated point was maximum at 278.15 K and 288.15 K.Based on the content requirement of macro-nutrition，highlighted in the NY 1106—2010 standard，the formula of the high-potassium-content liquid fertilizer was analyzed，using the solid-liquid equilibrium data.The results showed that，it was often difficult at the ambient temperature regions，and was not viable at the low temperature regions to meet the required NPK content by only using KH₂PO₄ and KNO₃.The formulas of the liquid fertilizer were designed by adding liquid ammonium polyphosphate（APP） to increase NPK content，the results were validated by experiment.This study could provide reference for the formula design of liquid fertilizer in potassium salt system at low temperature.

In order to synthesize H₂O₂ in a green，sustainable，and convenient manner，the intensified study on the synthesis of H₂O₂ from benzyl alcohol （BA） under photoexcitation using a coiled flow inverter microreactor（CFIMR） was conducted.The effects of the residence time，light intensity，and cumulative residence time on the efficiency of H₂O₂ synthesis from BA under photoexcitation in the CFIMR photoreaction system were systematically investigated，and further optimization was carried out through methods such as reaction-extraction coupling and enhancement of gas-liquid two-phase flow.The results of the study showed that in the CFIMR，at the optimal single residence time of 50 s，the average synthesis rate of H₂O₂（r） was 0.563 3 mmol/（L·min）.Under the optimal irradiation conditions，when the cumulative residence time of the BA single phase reached 200 s，the concentration of H₂O₂ in the BA phase reached as high as 1.762 3 mmol/L.By introducing reaction-extraction coupling optimization techniques to simplify the process，r was 0.376 2 mmol/（L·min）.Under acidic conditions at pH=1.0，the highest r reached was 1.204 1 mmol/（L·min）.The r under the optimal H₂O/BA volume flow rate ratio was 0.458 0 mmol/（L·min）.Through the employment of gas-liquid two-phase flow intensification methods，the maximum value of r reached 0.883 2 mmol/（L·min）.In the CFIMR，the synthesis rates（r） of BA single-phase flow，H₂O-BA two-phase flow，and air-BA two-phase flow reached 151.06%，100.88%，and 236.85%，respectively，compared to conventional photoexcited BA synthesis of H₂O₂.It demonstrated the operational flexibility and high efficiency of photochemical synthesis of H₂O₂ inside the CFIMR，which was attributed to its high photon flux density and excellent mixing and mass transfer performance.

Deep brine in Sichuan basin is abundant in lithium and potassium resources，which has significant development potential，however，the interactions among the coexisting ions are complex.To obtain the crystallization law of each salt in the coexistence chloride system of lithium，potassium，and calcium，the solid-liquid phase equilibria of Li⁺，K⁺，Ca²⁺//Cl^--H₂O quaternary system at 298.2 K was investigated by using isothermal dissolution method.The solubilities and densities of the solution were determined，meanwhile the solid phase of the quaternary invariant point was identified by X-ray diffraction.The phase diagram was constructed by using the measured data.The results showed that the system was a complex quaternary system with the double salt LiCl·CaCl₂·5H₂O formed，and the crystalline form of calcium chloride was influenced by the coexisting lithium chloride，with both CaCl₂·6H₂O and CaCl₂·4H₂O forms present simultaneously.The corresponding solid-liquid phase diagram consisted of 3 quaternary invariant points（points E₁ and E₂ were incommensurate type，E₃ belonged to commensurate type），7 univariate curves and 5 crystallization regions，the area of crystallization regions was decreased in the order of KCl，LiCl·H₂O，CaCl₂·4H₂O，LiCl·CaCl₂·5H₂O，CaCl₂·6H₂O.

Lithium-ion battery is considered as the most convenient and effective energy storage equipment due to its high energy density and long cycle life.In order to improve the stability and safety of lithium-ion batteries，solid-state electrolytes have been widely studied.However，pure polymer electrolytes have the drawbacks of lower ionic conductivity，narrow operating voltage window，which hindered their applications in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.PEO-based composite electrolytes are the most promising class of electrolyte systems due to their advantages of easy processing，low cost，and good interfacial contact.Based on this，composite solid electrolytes were introduced basicly and the ionic conduction mechanism of PEO-based electrolytes was discussed，and then the relevant research results in recent years according to the different geometries of inorganic fillers，such as nanoparticles，nanowires/nanotubes，two-dimensional lamellar materials，and 3D skeleton structures were reviewed.The effects of inorganic fillers with different geometries on the performance of electrolytes，especially ionic conductivity，and the cycling performance of the full battery were elaborated.Finally，the key issues and development of composite solid-state electrolytes were summarized.