利用盐湖提锂尾液制备氢氧化锂工艺研究

doi:10.11962/1006-4990.2019-0061

Abstract

Abstract:

Great breakthroughs have been made in salt lake lithium extraction technology,but there are advantages and disadvantages in different processes. The comprehensive recovery and utilization of lithium extraction tail solution is an urgent issue.The recovery of lithium extraction tail solution was realized through the extraction/adsorption/electrolysis combined technology,and the battery-level lithium hydroxide monohydrate were prepared. The optimum operating conditions were determined as follows:the optimum extraction ratio（volume ratio of oil phase to water phase） was 1.5,the concentration of synergist was 0.035 mol/L,the mass fraction of anode solution was 21%~25% and the mass fraction of cathode solution was 1%~2%.Under the conditions,the prepared lithium hydroxide products met the standard requirements（LiOH·H₂O-D1） of Battery Grade Lithium Hydorxide Monohydrate,GB/T 26008—2010.This technology not only improves the utilization rate of lithium resources,but also achieved the diversification of lithium salt products.It provides a new technology route for the recovery and utilization of lithium extraction tail solution in Qinghai Salt Lake area.

Key words: lithium extraction tail solution, LiOH·H₂O, extraction, adsorption, electrolysis

CLC Number:

TQ131.11

Zhou Xiaojun,Liu Guowang,Yang Shangming,Dong Shoulong,Zhang Shichun,Zhang Feng. Technology research of lithium hydroxide preparation by lithium extraction tail solution in salt lake[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2019, 51(9): 76-80.

Figures/Tables 10

References 9

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主要离子	质量浓度/（g·L^-1）	主要离子	质量浓度/（g·L^-1）
Li⁺	1.24	Cl^-	125.95
Mg²⁺	56.32	B³⁺	0.15
Ca²⁺	0.041	SO₄^2-	5.27
K⁺	0.36	Fe³⁺	0.000 62
Na⁺	0.23

萃取体系	特点
醇、酮及双酮类	最早用于萃取锂的萃取体系,但是醇、酮类萃取剂大多数有机相损失严重,双酮类鳌合剂价格较贵,碱性条件下水溶性较大,而且其所用的稀释剂和协萃剂成本高
有机磷类	适用于高镁锂比盐湖卤水中锂的萃取,虽然工艺流程长、产品单一,但是中国对该体系研究较多,是具有工业应用前景的盐湖高镁锂比卤水提锂的方法之一
冠醚类	因本身结构而具有良好的选择性,中国关于冠醚类萃取体系萃取分离锂同位素的研究较多,但是冠醚类萃取体系萃取锂的研究目前还处于实验室研究阶段,并无工业应用的报道

V（HCl）: V（LiCl）	Mg洗脱率/%	Na洗脱率/%	K洗脱率/%	Li损失率/%	Fe损失率/%
1:0.5	96.2	80.4	78.6	10.36	0.012
1:1.0	98.0	76.9	79.2	11.25	0.014
1:2.0	95.6	77.2	75.3	9.87	0.011
1:2.5	96.8	78.4	74.7	10.15	0.016

主要离子	质量浓度/（g·L^-1）	主要离子	质量浓度/（g·L^-1）
Li⁺	8.53	Cl^-	149.45
Mg²⁺	0.057	B³⁺	0.068
Ca²⁺	0.019	SO₄^2-	2.27
K⁺	0.13	Fe³⁺	0.000 62
Na⁺	0.11

主要离子	质量浓度/（g·L^-1）	主要离子	质量浓度/（g·L^-1）
Li⁺	8.23	Cl^-	153.87
Mg²⁺	0.000 21	B³⁺	0.059
Ca²⁺	0.000 17	SO₄^2-	2.27
K⁺	0.11	Fe³⁺	0.000 62
Na⁺	0.24

National Inorganic Salts Information Center

Inorganic Acid-Base-Salt Committee of CIESC

Technology research of lithium hydroxide preparation by lithium extraction tail solution in salt lake

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主要离子	质量浓度/（g·L^-1）	主要离子	质量浓度/（g·L^-1）
Li⁺	28.7	Na⁺	0.15
Mg²⁺	0.000 47	Cl^-	1.37
Ca²⁺	0.000 38	B³⁺	0.008 1
K⁺	0.023	Fe³⁺	0.000 24

化学成分	质量分数/%		化学成分	质量分数/%
化学成分	标准	样品	化学成分	标准	样品
LiOH·H₂O	≥98.0	99.87	Cu	≤0.005	0.003 2
Ca	≤0.005	0.002 8	Mn	≤0.005	0.004 6
Mg	≤0.005	0.000 55	Si	≤0.005	0.003 7
Cl	≤0.002	0.001 8	CO₃^2-	≤0.7	0.094
Fe	≤0.000 8	0.000 4	SO₄^2-	≤0.01	0.008 7
Na	≤0.003	0.002 1	盐酸不溶物	≤0.005	0.003 9
K	≤0.003	0.001 6

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