氧化镁纤维及其复合纤维制备与吸附领域研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0325

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid development of population growth and industrialization，a large number of toxic and harmful substances are directly discharged without treatment，causing serious pollution to the water environment.Adsorption method is widely used in the field of water treatment because of its easy operation and high efficiency，so the development of efficient and inexpensive adsorbents has become the focus of current research.Magnesium oxide fiber not only inherits the characteristics of magnesium oxide，which is high temperature resistant，non⁃toxic and environmentally friendly，but also has the high specific surface area and good self⁃supporting properties of fiber materials，which is a highly potential adsorbent material.By compounding magnesium oxide with other materials，magnesium oxide⁃based composite fibers are obtained，which can further enrich the active sites of the fibers and improve the mechanical properties of magnesium oxide fibers.The common preparation methods of magnesium oxide fibers and their composite fibers，i.e.，centrifugal spinning method，electrostatic spinning method，template method，etc.，were systematically introduced.The current status of the development of magnesium oxide fibers and magnesium oxide⁃based composite fibers both at home and abroad in recent years was summarized，with a focus on the research progress and application direction of the adsorption field.Finally，the problems that need to be solved and the challenges that need to be faced for the development of magnesium oxide fibers and their composite fibers were pointed out，based on which was prospected.

Key words: magnesium oxide fiber, magnesium oxide?based composite fiber, fiber preparation, adsorption

CLC Number:

TQ342.7

SUN Mengyuan, HE Wei, WANG Chen. Research progress of preparation and adsorption of magnesium oxide fibers and their composite fibers[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(5): 1-10.

Figures/Tables 7

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Table 1

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主要参数		影响作用
助纺剂	分子质量相对浓度	溶胶黏度随助纺剂分子质量和相对浓度的增加而提升，助纺剂需要有较高分子质量才能达到助纺效果。助纺剂溶解后分子质量会不断降低，因此久置会使溶胶可纺性降低
溶剂	挥发性	溶剂挥发性通过影响纤维固化过程，进而影响纤维形貌
纺丝液	黏度	较低的黏度有助于形成小直径的纤维，但溶胶黏度过低时不具备可纺性
	电导率	高导电率的纺丝液更易形成小直径纤维，也更易被牵引出多条纤维
	表面张力	纺丝液表面张力过大时，会产生串珠纤维，还会造成纤维卷曲
静电纺丝	电压	电压较低时，电压对液滴的牵引力不足以克服表面张力，无法形成纤维；当收丝距离增加时，电压也需要提高
	收丝距离	收丝距离过小，会导致溶剂蒸发不够完全，影响纤维形态；收丝距离过大，则需要较大的电压，影响出丝稳定
	供液速率	稳定的供液速率是形成稳定射流、均匀纤维的关键
	接收器	当使用辊筒接收时，辊筒转速能够影响纤维形貌，高速旋转的接收器还能够形成取向一致的纤维
环境	温度	适当的提升温度能够增加聚合物的溶解度，提升纺丝液的可纺性，同时高温能够加速溶剂挥发，有助于纤维成型
环境	湿度	湿度过高时，纤维表面会凝结水分，形成孔隙，破坏纤维结构的完整性，同时高湿度环境会显著降低溶剂的蒸发速率，不利于纤维的均匀成型；当湿度过低时，溶剂蒸发速度过快，会导致纤维过早干燥成型，容易造成针头堵塞

主要参数	影响作用
转速	转速过低时，离心力不足以抵消纺丝液表面张力和黏性力，无法形成射流；转速增大，射流伸长，纤维直径减小，但转速过大，射流到达接收器的时间变短，射流的拉伸不足导致纤维直径变大
纺丝头直径	在纺丝过程所需的离心力由高速旋转的电机产生，纺丝头的构造和直径大小会直接影响纺丝过程所需的转速；纺丝头直径过小时，需要较大的转速才能产生足够离心力；纺丝头直径过大时，高速电机在旋转过程中难以保持平衡
喷孔直径	喷孔直径通过控制射流通量进而控制纤维直径，但当喷孔直径过小时，纺丝液易堵塞喷孔，无法纺丝

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Research progress of preparation and adsorption of magnesium oxide fibers and their composite fibers

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