赤泥-磷石膏复合材料中重金属浸出研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0195

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to realize the resource utilization of two major industrial solid wastes of red mud and phosphogypsum,the unmodified red mud and phosphogypsum were used as raw materials to prepare composite materials meeting requirements of mine filling through the modification and solidification of composite additives.When the mass fraction of red mud was 85% of the total raw materials and phosphogypsum was 5%,the compressive strength of the composite cured for 28 d was 4.34 MPa,which met the requirements of mechanical properties of mine filling.According to the“Horizontal oscillation method of solid waste leaching method”（HJ 557—2010） and the Dutch standard“container experiment for testing the diffusion leaching behavior of inorganic components in block waste or building materials”（EA NEN 7375—2004）,the leaching experiment was carried out on the comparison of granular and block samples.The leaching behavior of heavy metals（Cd,Cr,Ni,Ba） in red mud phosphogypsum composite materials was studied.The results showed that the leaching concentrations of heavy metals from large to small was Cr,Ba,Ni and Cd.When the content of phosphogypsum was less than 5%,the leaching concentration and diffusion coefficient of heavy metals were changed slightly,and the leaching rate of heavy metals was increased when it was above 5%.The leaching behavior of heavy metals in composites by two leaching methods was analyzed dynamically.It was found that the leaching behavior of heavy metals was mainly controlled by diffusion,and also by depletion and retardation in the long-term leaching process.

Key words: red mud, phosphogypsum, filling, heavy metals, leaching

CLC Number:

TB332

HUANG Zhiwei,SU Xiangdong,ZHANG Jiangang,LUO Diyuan,CHEN Ye,LI Haijia. Study on leaching of heavy metals from red mud-phosphogypsum composite materials[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(10): 133-140.

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原料	w（Cr）	w（Ni）	w（Ba）	w（Cd）
赤泥	60.32	42.11	41.00	8.85
磷石膏	2.04	4.97	2.02	0.08
复合助剂	0.05	0.01	0.01	—

浸出阶段	浸取液更换时间		浸出阶段	浸取液更换时间
浸出阶段	累计时间/d	间隔时间/h	浸出阶段	累计时间/d	间隔时间/h
1	0.25	6	5	9.00	120
2	1.00	18	6	16.00	168
3	2.25	30	7	36.00	480
4	4.00	42	8	64.00	672

序号	w（赤泥）/ %	w（磷石膏）/%	w（复合助剂）/%	密度/ （g·cm^-3）	28 d抗压强度/MPa
G1	90	0	10	1.38	4.07
G2	88	2	10	1.38	4.15
G3	85	5	10	1.41	4.34
G4	80	10	10	1.39	5.40
G5	75	15	10	1.40	6.28

磷石膏添加量/%	扩散系数D₀/（cm²·s^-1）
磷石膏添加量/%	Cr	Ni	Ba	Cd
0	6.3×10^-14	1.6×10^-14	1.92×10^-14	1.97×10^-14
2	1.33×10^-13	1.86×10^-14	3.3×10^-14	1.8×10^-14
5	6.72×10^-13	2.2×10^-14	2.67×10^-14	1.1×10^-14
10	1.29×10^-12	3.5×10^-14	1.34×10^-14	2.7×10^-14
15	1.42×10^-12	1.43×10^-13	8.5×10^-14	2.2×10^-14

浸出区间	r_C
浸出区间	Cr	Ba	Ni	Cd
2~7	0.58	0.38	0.44	0.42
5~8	0.22	0.34	0.31	0.32
4~7	0.34	0.43	0.46	0.34
3~6	0.51	0.53	0.49	0.61
2~5	0.53	0.55	0.51	0.63
1~4	0.66	0.68	0.66	0.66

National Inorganic Salts Information Center

Inorganic Acid-Base-Salt Committee of CIESC

Study on leaching of heavy metals from red mud-phosphogypsum composite materials

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浸出区间	浸出机理
浸出区间	Cr	Ba	Ni	Cd
2~7	扩散控制	扩散控制	扩散控制	扩散控制
5~8	耗竭作用	耗竭作用	耗竭作用	耗竭作用
4~7	耗竭作用	扩散控制	扩散控制	耗竭作用
3~6	扩散控制	扩散控制	扩散控制	扩散控制
2~5	扩散控制	扩散控制	扩散控制	扩散控制
1~4	延滞作用	延滞作用	延滞作用	延滞作用

测试	Ⅲ类地下水限值/ （mg?L^-1）	污水排放限值/ （mg?L^-1）	5%磷石膏重金属浸出质量浓度/ （mg?L^-1）			15%磷石膏重金属浸出质量浓度/（mg?L^-1）
测试	Ⅲ类地下水限值/ （mg?L^-1）	污水排放限值/ （mg?L^-1）	HJ557—2010	EA NEN7375—2004		HJ557—2010	EA NEN7375—2004
Cr	—	≤1.50	0.200	0.240	0.310		0.350
Ni	≤0.020	≤1.00	0.004	0.006	0.008		0.009 5
Ba	≤0.700	—	0.010	0.030	0.030		0.070
Cd	≤0.005	≤0.01	0.002	0.004	0.006		0.009

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