磷酸铁锂废粉硫酸氢钠焙烧回收工艺研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0314

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着磷酸铁锂电池新能源车产销量迅速增长，如何有效回收废旧磷酸铁锂动力电池并实现有价金属的资源化利用已成为研究热点。提出一种钠盐辅助焙烧磷酸铁锂废粉和水浸回收锂盐的工艺。在氧气气氛中磷酸铁锂废粉与一水硫酸氢钠反应生成硫酸钠锂、磷酸铁、三氧化二铁，然后通过选择性浸出、分离、沉淀得到纯度高达99.58%的磷酸锂、纯度达到99.6%的磷酸铁。对一水硫酸氢钠与磷酸铁锂废粉质量比、氧化焙烧温度、焙烧保温时间和焙烧产物水浸时间等工艺条件进行了研究，结果表明一水硫酸氢钠与磷酸铁锂废粉质量比为1.6、氧化焙烧温度为600 ℃、焙烧保温时间为60 min、焙烧产物室温水浸时间为70 min为最佳回收工艺参数，在此条件下锂离子浸出率为98.7%。该工艺在温和条件下实现了有价金属的选择性回收，有助于废旧磷酸铁锂电池资源化利用。

关键词: 磷酸铁锂废粉, 硫酸氢钠, 焙烧, 回收, 磷酸锂

Abstract:

With the rapid growth of the production and sales of lithium iron phosphate battery new energy vehicles，how to effectively recycle the waste lithium iron phosphate power batteries and realize the resource utilization of their valuable metals has become a research hotspot.The process of sodium salt assisted roasting of lithium iron phosphate waste powder and water leaching to recover lithium salt was proposed.In oxygen atmosphere，lithium iron phosphate waste powder was reacted with NaHSO₄·H₂O to produce LiNaSO₄，FePO₄ and Fe₂O₃，and then Li₃PO₄ with a purity of 99.58% and FePO₄ with a purity of 99.6% were obtained through selective leaching，separation and precipitation.The process conditions such as the mass ratio of NaHSO₄·H₂O to waste LFP（lithium iron phosphate），the oxidative roasting temperature，the roasting holding time and the water immersion time of roasted products were studied.The results showed that the mass ratio of NaHSO₄·H₂O to waste LFP powder was 1.6，oxidative roasting at 600℃ for 60 min，and the roasted product was immersed in water for 70 min at room temperature，which were the best recovery process parameters，and the lithium ion leaching rate was 98.7%.In this process，the selective recovery of valuable metals was realized under mild conditions，which was helpful for the resource utilization of waste lithium iron phosphate batteries.

Key words: waste lithium iron phosphate powder, sodium bisulfate, roasting, recovery, lithium phosphate

中图分类号:

X705

陈昱珏, 张梁军, 旷焕, 蒋漫文, 肖利. 磷酸铁锂废粉硫酸氢钠焙烧回收工艺研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2023, 55(3): 113-117.

CHEN Yujue, ZHANG Liangjun, KUANG Huan, JIANG Manwen, XIAO Li. Study on roasting and recovery process of waste lithium iron phosphate powder with sodium bisulfate[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(3): 113-117.

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样品	各元素质量分数/%
样品	Li	Al	Fe	Cu	P	C	F
LFP废粉	3.47	12.37	26.71	0.12	14.58	4.87	0.29

样品	各元素质量分数/%
样品	Fe	Al	Cu	P	F
水浸渣	43.061 5	0.104 4	0.154 1	15.622 1	0.301 5

样品	主要成分质量分数/%
样品	Li₃PO₄	Al	Fe	Na	SO₄^2-	Cu
磷酸锂产品	99.58	0.008 8	0.006	0.13	0.20	0.000 1

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