石灰消化制备高比表面氢氧化钙及其铅吸附性能研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0687

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同烷醇胺改性剂对Ca（OH）₂理化性质和微观结构的影响，以及所制备的高比表面积Ca（OH）₂对铅吸附性能的影响，分别以三异丙醇胺（TIPA）、二乙醇单异丙醇胺（DEIPA）、三乙醇胺（TEA）为改性剂，生石灰为原料，采用消化法制备出片层状、高比表面积氢氧化钙，将其应用于含铅废水的处理。利用X射线衍射仪、高真空气体吸附分析仪、激光粒度仪、场发射扫描电镜对制备的Ca（OH）₂进行表征分析，结果表明，以TEA为改性剂获得的片层状Ca（OH）₂性能最佳，其比表面积、孔体积和平均孔径分别为53.94 m²/g、0.208 cm³/g和11.66 nm。同时，揭示高比表面积片层状Ca（OH）₂可能的形成机理。此外，Ca（OH）₂对铅的吸附过程更符合Langmuir模型（R²=0.992 5）和准二级动力学模型（R²=0.999 7），主要是以化学吸附为主的单分子吸附过程，同时伴随着少量物理吸附，其对水中铅的吸附率达99.54%，残留铅的质量浓度≤0.46 mg/L，远低于排放限值，证实烷醇胺改性Ca（OH）₂在含铅废水处理方面有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 高比表面积Ca（OH）₂, 石灰消化, 吸附铅, 烷醇胺改性剂

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different alkanolamine surfactants on the physicochemical properties and microstructure of Ca（OH）₂，as well as its lead adsorption performance，lamellar high specific surface area Ca（OH）₂ were prepared by a digestion method using quicklime as the raw material，triisopropanolamine（TIPA），Diethyl alcohol monoisopropanolamine（DEIPA），and triethanolamine（TEA） as the modifying agents respectively，for the treatment of lead⁃containing wastewater.The Ca（OH）₂ was characterized using X⁃ray diffraction（XRD），high⁃vacuum gas adsorption analyzer，laser particle size analyzer，and field emission scanning electron microscope（FESEM）.The results showed that the lamellar Ca（OH）₂ obtained by using TEA had optimal properties，with specific surface area，pore volume and average pore size of 53.94 m²/g，0.208 cm³/g and 11.66 nm，respectively.A possible formation mechanism for the high specific surface area Ca（OH）₂ was also proposed.Furthermore，The adsorption process for lead in wastewater was well fitted with Langmuir model（R²=0.992 5） and quasi⁃second⁃order kinetic model（R²=0.999 7），indicating that the adsorption process was mainly a single molecular adsorption process based on chemical adsorption，accompanied by physical adsorption，so that the removal efficiency reached 99.54%，and the residual concentration of lead in water was less than 0.46 mg/L，which was far below the discharge limit.These findings demonstrated the broad application prospects of alkanolamine⁃modified Ca（OH）₂ in the treatment of lead⁃containing wastewater.

Key words: high specific surface area Ca（OH）₂, lime digestion, lead adsorption, alkanolamine modifying agent

中图分类号:

TQ132.32

陈建军, 李力, 刘来宝, 张岱宇, 姜晨曦, 竹含真, 王辅, 廖其龙. 石灰消化制备高比表面氢氧化钙及其铅吸附性能研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2026, 58(1): 99-107.

CHEN Jianjun, LI Li, LIU Laibao, ZHANG Daiyu, JIANG Chenxi, ZHU Hanzhen, WANG Fu, LIAO Qilong. Study on synthesis of high specific surface area calcium hydroxide by quicklime digestion and its adsorption performance for lead[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2026, 58(1): 99-107.

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样品	比表面积/ （m²·g^-1）	孔容/ （cm³·g^-1）	平均孔径/ nm
空白组	11.64	0.077	44.33
TIPA	24.69	0.160	22.88
DEIPA	43.35	0.095	3.60
TEA	53.94	0.208	11.66

样品	粒径/μm
样品	D₁₀	D₅₀	D₉₀
空白组	1.13	3.63	16.80
TIPA	1.51	3.62	7.99
DEIPA	1.08	2.71	6.23
TEA	0.65	1.50	9.49

铅初始质量浓度/ （mg·L^-1）	吸附率/ %	吸附量/ （mg·g^-1）
100	99.54	995.4
200	97.57	1 951.4
300	67.17	2 015.1
400	52.51	2 100.4
500	47.09	2 354.5

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