无机盐工业
主管:中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
主办:中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
   中海油炼油化工科学研究院(北京)有限公司
   中国化工学会无机酸碱盐专业委员会
ISSN 1006-4990 CN 12-1069/TQ

无机盐工业 ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (8): 35-40.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0493

• 研究与开发 • 上一篇    下一篇

青海某深层含钾卤水蒸发析盐规律研究

张利珍1,2,3(), 伊跃军1,2,3, 时历杰1,2,3, 张秀峰1,2,3, 马亚梦1,2,3, 谭秀民1,2,3   

  1. 1.中国地质科学院郑州矿产综合利用研究所,河南 郑州 450006
    2.国家非金属矿资源综合利用工程技术研究中心,河南 郑州 450006
    3.自然资源部多金属矿综合利用评价重点实验室,河南 郑州 450006
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-10 出版日期:2025-08-10 发布日期:2024-10-18
  • 作者简介:张利珍(1979— ),女,硕士研究生,正高级工程师,主要从事矿产资源调查及综合利用研究;E-mail:zhanglizhen@mail.cgs.gov.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2022YFC2906300);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20230303)

Study on evaporation and salt crystallization law of deep brine containing potassium in Qinghai

ZHANG Lizhen1,2,3(), YI Yuejun1,2,3, SHI Lijie1,2,3, ZHANG Xiufeng1,2,3, MA Yameng1,2,3, TAN Xiumin1,2,3   

  1. 1.Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,CAGS,Zhengzhou 450006,China
    2.China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals,Zhengzhou 450006,China
    3.Key Laboratory for Polymetallic Ores′ Evaluation and Utilization,Ministry of Natural Resources,Zhengzhou 450006,China
  • Received:2024-09-10 Published:2025-08-10 Online:2024-10-18

摘要:

钾盐是中国关乎粮食安全的一种紧缺战略性矿产,近年来,青海柴达木盆地发现多处含钾深层卤水,具有良好的开发潜力。在开发过程中,需要因地制宜地利用太阳能和风能进行盐田日晒蒸发,对有价组分进行初步分离富集。而卤水蒸发实验和相应体系的相平衡与相图研究是盐田蒸发工艺必不可少的基础工作。针对青海某深层含钾卤水进行了室内蒸发实验,研究该卤水的蒸发结晶路线和析盐规律,确定钾盐分离点的控制参数。实验结果表明:卤水的蒸发结晶行为与依据的四元体系相图Na+,K+,Mg2+//Cl--H2O(25 ℃)和K+,Ca2+,Mg2+//Cl--H2O(25 ℃)基本吻合,析盐顺序为二水石膏(微量)、石盐、光卤石、水氯镁石;卤水中主组分K在卤水密度为1.308~1.398 g/cm3时仅以光卤石矿物形式集中析出,K质量分数为9.80%,析出率为86.54%,有利于后续钾的加工利用;在整个卤水蒸发过程中,微量组分B2O3、Br、Li一直在浓缩富集,尤其是B2O3和Br,在最终老卤中的含量可富集至2 279.60 mg/L和832.92 mg/L,具有较好的综合利用价值。研究成果为其以后开发利用提供了依据。

关键词: 深层含钾卤水, 蒸发, 相图, 光卤石, 析盐

Abstract:

Potassium salt ore is a kind of strategic mineral resource which is in short supply.It is vital for the food security in China.In recent years,multiple deep brines containing potassium are found in the Chaidamu basin of Qinghai province.These brines have great development potential.To develope them,evaporation in the salt field must be carried out using the solar energy and wind energy.The preliminary separation and enrichment of the valuable components are achieved by evaporation in the salt field.Brine evaporation experiment and research on phase equilibrium and phase diagram are the essential basic work for evaporation in the salt field.So taking the deep brine in Qinghai province as the research object,the indoor evaporation experiment was carried out.The evaporation route and salt crystallization law of the brine were researched.The main parameters for controling the separation point of the potassium salt precipitation were determined.The experimental results showed that the crystallization route of the brine was consistent with the phase diagrams of Na+,K+,Mg2+//Cl--H2O system at 25 ℃ and K+,Ca2+,Mg2+//Cl--H2O system at 25 ℃.And the sequence of the mineral crystallization during evaporation was trace dihydrate gypsum,halite,carnallite and bischofite.When the brine density was in the 1.308~1.398 g/cm3 range,potassium of the brine was only precipitated in the form of carnallite mineral,and the precipitation stage was relatively concentrated.So it was beneficial to the processing and utilization of carnallite.The precipitation rate of potassium was 86.54% with potassium content of 9.80%.Trace elements of boron,bromine and lithium were enriched throughout the evaporation process.The contents of boron and bromine in the final tail brine were up to 2 279.60 mg/L and 832.92 mg/L.The two elements of the tail brine was significant for comprehensive utilization.The research result would provide a scientific basis for the later exploitation and utilization of the deep brine containing potassium.

Key words: deep potassium brine, evaporation, phase diagram, carnallite, salt crystallization

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