无机盐工业 ›› 2023, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 27-37.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0353
收稿日期:
2022-06-09
出版日期:
2023-04-10
发布日期:
2023-04-13
通讯作者:
吕瑞亮(1991— ),男,硕士,助理工程师,研究方向为环境污染治理与控制;E-mail:524886206@qq.com。作者简介:
靳苏娜(1980— ),女,讲师,研究方向为水污染控制与技术。
Received:
2022-06-09
Published:
2023-04-10
Online:
2023-04-13
摘要:
介绍了湿法脱硫废水的来源、水质特点及危害,系统分析了传统处理技术、浓缩减量化技术、固化技术、资源化利用技术等湿法脱硫废水处理技术的原理、研究及应用进展。对比不同湿法脱硫废水处理技术的优缺点,提出化学沉淀法工艺成熟、应用广泛,浓缩减量化技术、固化技术、资源化利用技术等深度处理技术可有效降低重金属含量、有机污染物含量,并回收部分有价组分,可满足废水零排放要求,但工艺普遍不成熟,大多处于实验室研究阶段。针对部分处理技术不成熟、经济效果不显著、工业应用缓慢等问题,认为前端减量、后端资源化处理是未来湿法脱硫废水处理技术发展的主要目标。
中图分类号:
靳苏娜, 吕瑞亮. 湿法脱硫废水处理技术研究及应用进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2023, 55(4): 27-37.
JIN Suna, LÜ Ruiliang. Research and application progress of wet flue gas desulfurization wastewater treatment technology[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(4): 27-37.
表1
湿法脱硫废水处理技术特征比较
脱硫技术 | 去除物及处理效率 | 优点 | 缺点 | 应用现状 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
传统处 理技术 | 化学沉淀法 | 悬浮物去除效率高 | 工艺成熟、运行成本低 | 氯离子、硒等重金属去除率低 | 工业广泛应用 |
浓缩减 量技术 | 正渗透法 | 分离、浓缩废水中的盐分 | 能耗低,去除效率高 | 膜污染、膜堵塞、浓度极差化 | 部分工业应用 |
反渗透法 | 分离、浓缩废水中的盐分 | 可适应更低盐质量分数(不大于 3%)的废水 | 投资费用高、膜易结垢 | 工业应用较广泛 | |
电渗析法 | 氟离子、氯离子去除率较高 | 能耗低、占地面积小、操作简单、出水水质稳定、适用范围广 | 膜表面积垢引起的膜性能变差 | 部分工业应用 | |
膜蒸馏技术 | 溶解性有机物、重金属离子去除率较高 | 设备简单、操作方便、分离纯度高、可利用工业余热 | 膜污染、膜结垢 | 部分工业应用 | |
固化 技术 | 烟道蒸发技术 | 可实现废水零排放 | 工艺设备简单、运行成本低、增加除尘效率 | 易造成烟道腐蚀和后续设备结垢堵塞 | 部分工业应用 |
蒸发结晶技术 | 可实现废水零排放 | 处理效率高,可回收硫酸盐 | 投资成本及运行费用高 | 未工业应用 | |
喷雾干燥技术 | 可实现废水零排放 | 生产效率高、产品纯度高、运行操作方便 | 能耗大、生产运行成本高 | 部分工业应用 | |
资源化利 用技术 | 膜分离技术 | 可实现废水零排放 | 可实现废水盐回收 | 膜易结垢 | 部分工业应用 |
电解法 | 氯离子去除率高 | 可实现脱硫废水资源化利用 | 电解过程不可控因素较多 | 部分工业应用 | |
其他技术 | 生物处理法 | 硒、汞等重金属去除率较高 | 消耗少、效率高、成本低 | 可能形成有毒的副产物,如有机汞 | 部分工业应用 |
混合零价铁技术 | 硒、汞等重金属去除率较高 | 处理效率高、运行费用低 | 二次污染尚不清晰 | 实验室研究阶段 |
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