粉煤灰的活性激发与机理研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2020-0612

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

粉煤灰是燃煤电厂中煤粉燃烧后的固体废弃物,其日益累积不但会占用大量土地资源,还会破坏原有的自然环境,造成严重污染,近年来粉煤灰的处理和资源化利用受到广泛关注。激发粉煤灰的潜在活性是提高粉煤灰综合利用率的关键。对粉煤灰的物理活性和化学活性来源进行了介绍,并对粉煤灰活性的物理激发、水热激发及化学激发技术与激发机理进行了综述,为后续粉煤灰的活化研究和大规模利用提供了参考。不同手段均能激发粉煤灰活性,但采用单一手段激发时存在活化成本高、激发程度低等问题。未来粉煤灰激发技术将朝着多种手段并用的方向发展。

关键词: 粉煤灰, 活性来源, 激发技术, 激发机理, 化学激发

Abstract:

Fly ash is the solid waste after the combustion of pulverized coal in coal-fired power plants.Its increasing accumu-lation not only occupies a large amount of land resources,but also destroys the original natural environment and causes seri-ous pollution.In recent years,the treatment and resource utilization of fly ash has received widespread attention. Improving the comprehensive utilization of fly ash is the key to stimulate the potential activity of fly ash.The physical activity and chemi-cal activity sources of fly ash were introduced,and the physical activation,hydrothermal activation and chemical activation technology and activation mechanism of fly ash activity were reviewed,which provided reference for the subsequent activation research and large-scale utilization of fly ash.The fly ash could be activated by using various methods,however,when selected the sole activation method,it needed high investment and suffered low activation degree.In the future,fly ash excitation tech-nology would develop in the direction of multiple means.

Key words: fly ash, activity source, activation technology, activation mechanism, chemical activation

中图分类号:

TQ536.4

马鹏传,李兴,温振宇,孟凡会,李忠. 粉煤灰的活性激发与机理研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(10): 28-35.

Ma Pengchuan,Li Xing,Wen Zhenyu,Meng Fanhui,Li Zhong. Research progress on activation and mechanism of fly ash[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(10): 28-35.

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品种	减水率/%
品种	0%	5%	15%	25%	30%	35%	45%	55%	65%
FA1	0	4.6	7.7	9.2	11.5	12.5	14.9	15.6	15.4
FA2	0	1.6	2.4	4.8	6.4	8.0	11.2	12.6	11.0
FA3	0	0.8	1.6	2.2	3.9	4.6	6.2	5.4	3.8
FA4	0	0.7	1.1	2.0	2.8	2.8	1.1	0.5	—

原料	w （SiO₂）	w （Al₂O₃）	w （Fe₂O₃）	w （CaO）	w （TiO₂）	w （R₂O）	w （SO₃）
水泥	22.79	4.80	3.51	65.59	0.48	0.63	0.83
粉煤灰	51.07	30.86	5.26	5.75	—	1.92	1.48

激发方法	激发机理	优势	劣势
酸激发	H⁺侵蚀粉煤灰玻璃体表面,释放活性SiO₂、Al₂O₃,进而提高水化反应程度	可单独激发粉煤灰活性,并可通过改变酸类型和强度对粉煤灰进行不同程度的激发	对设备腐蚀性强,目前技术尚未成熟, 仍处于研究阶段
碱激发	通过OH^-使得粉煤灰表面[AlO₄]和[SiO₄]发生解聚,破坏表面结构,释放玻璃体内的活性物质	可单独激发粉煤灰活性;可选用的激发剂种类多,技术较成熟,可大规模使用	激发程度有限,碱过量会引发粉煤灰材料内部发生碱集料反应,进而破坏材料
盐激发	在碱性条件下,Cl^-和SO₄^2-与粉煤灰中的活性物质反应生成胶凝性物质,加速了粉煤灰中活性物质的释放	可解决粉煤灰“先天缺钙”问题,应用成本低,前景广阔	必须与碱配合使用才能激发活性; SO₄^2-或Cl^-过量对粉煤灰材料及其中的钢筋有腐蚀
有机溶剂激发	有机碱溶剂中的孤对电子与粉煤灰中的Fe、Al相发生络合,腐蚀粉煤灰表面,加速释放活性SiO₂、Al₂O₃	对胶凝材料的早期激发效果好,可通过螯合作用减少金属离子对土壤的影响	单一使用时效果差,需配合无机碱才能有效激发粉煤灰活性;原料成本高

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