锂离子电池二硫化钼基负极材料研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0619

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂离子电池以其便携、无记忆效应、循环寿命长等特点广泛应用于移动电子设备、电动汽车等领域。负极材料的改进是制备新型高性能锂离子电池的重要环节。具有类石墨烯结构的二硫化钼是极具发展潜力的锂离子电池用负极材料。但纯二硫化钼导电性差、充放电过程中体积膨胀率高,导致其可逆容量低、容量保持率差。复合化与纳米化是解决上述问题的有效途径。综述了近年来用于锂离子电池负极材料的二硫化钼基复合材料研究进展,重点介绍了二硫化钼/碳和二硫化钼/过渡金属化合物体系的形貌特征、比容量、循环稳定性等,并对二硫化钼基负极材料的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 负极材料, 二硫化钼, 复合材料, 电化学性能

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries are widely applied in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles due to the portability,no memory effect,and long cycle life.The modification of anode materials is an essential component in the manufacture of high-performance lithium-ion batteries.Molybdenum disulfide is a kind of promising anode material for its graphene-like structure.The pure molybdenum disulfide is seriously limited by its low reversible capacity and poor capacity retention,which are caused by poor electrical conductivity and volumetric changes.Composite structure and nanocrystallization with particular morphology are effective approaches to overcome these problems.The research progress of molybdenum disulfide based composite materials used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries in recent years was reviewed.The morphology,specific capacity,and cycle stability of molybdenum disulfide/carbon and molybdenum disulfide/transition metal compound systems were mainly introduced.Finally,the development trend of molybdenum disulfide-based anode materials was prospected.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, anode materials, MoS₂, composite materials, electrochemical performance

中图分类号:

TQ136.12

王伟,刘伟,吴杨,杨慎慎. 锂离子电池二硫化钼基负极材料研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2022, 54(10): 87-95.

WANG Wei,LIU Wei,WU Yang,YANG Shenshen. Research progress on molybdenum disulfide-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(10): 87-95.

图/表 7

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表1

MoS2及典型MoS2基复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料时的电化学性能数据

材料体系	形貌	层间距（hkl）	合成方法	起始比容量（电流密度）	循环稳定性
MoS₂^[42]	纳米片	0.62 nm（002）	加热-搅拌法	732 mA·h/g（0.1 A/g）	循环100周后比容量小于200 mA·h/g
MoS₂/C^[16]	类石墨烯	0.62 nm（002）	水热法	962 mA·h/g（—）	循环100周后比容量保持率为95%
MoS₂/C^[43]	纳米球	—	水热法	1 307.8 mA·h/g （0.1 A/g）	循环500周后比容量为439 mA·h/g（1 A/g）
C@MoS₂@C^[17]	纳米带	0.63 nm（002）	水热-分解法	1 025.5 mA·h/g （0.2 A/g）	循环100周后比容量保持率为99%
MoS₂/MBC^[18]	纳米片	0.61 nm（003）	水热法	1 867 mA·h/g（0.2 A/g）	循环100周后比容量为672 mA·h/g
CDs/MoS₂^[44]	泡沫状	0.96 nm（002）	水热-碳化法	1 400 mA·h/g（0.1 A/g）	循环100周后比容量为1 064 mA·h/g
MoS₂-CNT^[20]	纳米管	0.83 nm（002）	CVD-水热法	1 400 mA·h/g（0.1 mA/cm²）	循环100周后比容量为1 391 mA·h/g
1T/2H-MoS₂/CFC^[45]	纳米片	0.82~0.91nm（002）	水热法	1 546 mA·h/g （0.1A/g）	循环120周后比容量保持率为94.1%
MoS₂/rGO^[21]	中空微球	0.62 nm（002）	水热法	760 mA·h/g（0.5 A/g）	循环100周后比容量保持率为99.15%
HC-MoS₂@GF^[23]	蜂巢状	0.64 nm（002）	液相法-CVD	1 110 mA·h/g（0.2 A/g）	循环40周后比容量保持率为99%
Sn/MoS₂^[25]	纳米花	0.62 nm（002）	溶剂热法	1 000 mA·h/g（0.2 A/g）	循环100周后比容量保持率接近100%
Si@C@MoS₂^[46]	三明治结构	0.633 nm（002）	溶胶凝胶-机械搅拌-水热工艺	1 365.7 mA·h/g（0.5 A/g）	循环500周后比容量保持率为81.5%
MoS₂/Mo₂TiC₂T _x^[28]	片状	0.69 nm	液相混合	646 mA·h/g（0.1 A/g）	循环500周后比容量保持率为86%
MoS₂-TiN^[29]	条纹状	—	磁控溅射	700 mA·h/g（0.1 A/g）	循环300周后比容量保持率为89%
MoS₂/TiO₂^[33]	微米花状	—	水热法	410.8 mA·h/g（0.8 A/g）	循环300周后比容量保持率为88%
Li₃VO₄/MoS₂^[36]	纳米片	0.268nm（101）	溶剂热法	950 mA·h/g（0.1 A/g）	循环100周后比容量为789.1 mA·h/g
C@MoS₂@TiO₂^[37]	纳米管	—	模板法-溶剂热法	455.2 mA·h/g（2 A/g）	循环1 000周后比容量为455.2 mA·h/g
SnO₂@C@MoS₂^[47]	花瓣状	0.62 nm（002）	水热法	1 500 mA·h/g（0.1 A/g）	循环200周后比容量为1 082 mA·h/g
Co₉S₈/MoS₂@rGO^[41]	中空纳米管	0.65 nm（002）	模板法-自组装	1 140 mA·h/g（0.1 A/g）	循环180周后比容量为807 mA·h/g

表1

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