以硅藻土为原料制备铯吸附剂及其吸附性能初探

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2020-0436

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铯是一种极为重要的稀有碱金属资源,在光纤通信、催化、医疗以及能源等领域有着广泛的应用。中国青海、西藏等地的盐湖卤水中蕴藏着储量可观的铯资源有待开发,因此开展溶液中铯离子分离提取技术的研究意义重大。以无毒且价廉的硅藻土为硅源,以三嵌段聚合物P-123为模板剂,采用一步法合成了磷钼酸铵负载量为27%（质量分数）的磷钼酸铵/二氧化硅（AMP/SiO₂）复合吸附材料用于吸附铯离子（Cs⁺）。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（ICP-OES）等对合成的AMP/SiO₂进行了表征,并初步考察了AMP/SiO₂对水溶液中Cs⁺的吸附性能。研究结果表明,AMP较为均匀地分散在介孔二氧化硅的结构和孔道中,并且该复合材料有较大的比表面积（451.2 m²/g）和孔体积（0.95 cm³/g）。此外,该吸附剂对Cs⁺的吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型,Cs⁺平衡吸附容量可达63.45 mg/g。

关键词: 硅藻土, 磷钼酸铵, 二氧化硅, 铯, 吸附

Abstract:

Cesium is an extremely important rare alkali metal resource,which is widely used in the fields of optical fiber communication,catalysis,medical treatment and energy.There are considerable reserves of cesium in the salt lake brine in Qinghai,Tibet and other places to be developed.Therefore,it is of great significance to carry out research on the separation and extraction technology of cesium ions in solution.Non-toxic and inexpensive diatomite was used as the silicon source,triblock polymer P-123 was used as a template agent,and the one step synthesis method was used to synthesize AMP/SiO₂ composite adsorbent with ammonium molybdophosphate（AMP） loading of 27% used to adsorb cesium ion（Cs⁺）.The AMP/SiO₂ was characterized by scanning electron microscope（SEM）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,fourier transform infrared spectro-meter（FT-IR） and other analytical instruments,and the adsorption properties of AMP/SiO₂ for Cs⁺ in aqueous solution were preliminary investigated.The results showed that AMP was uniformly dispersed in the structure and pores of mesoporous silica,and the composite had a large specific surface area（451.2 m²/g） and pore volume（0.95 cm³/g）.In addition,the adsorp-tion process of adsorbent for Cs⁺ was in accord with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm adsorp-tion model,and the equilibrium adsorption capacity was up to 63.45 mg/g.

Key words: diatomite, ammonium molybdophosphate, silica, cesium, adsorption

中图分类号:

TQ127.2

董超超,邓小川,王斌,樊发英,朱朝梁,樊洁,卿彬菊. 以硅藻土为原料制备铯吸附剂及其吸附性能初探[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(6): 134-139.

Dong Chaochao,Deng Xiaochuan,Wang Bin,Fan Faying,Zhu Chaoliang,Fan Jie,Qing Binju. Preparation of cesium adsorbent from diatomite and its adsorption properties[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(6): 134-139.

图/表 12

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吸附模型	k	q_e/（mg·g^-1）	R²
拟一级动力学模型	k₁=-0.041 9	71.59	0.977 4
拟二级动力学模型	k₂=5.179×10^-4	76.92	0.991 2

T/℃	Langmuir			Freundlich
T/℃	q_m / （mg·g^-1）	K_L/ （L·mg^-1）	R²	K_F	n	R²
25	65.79	0.024	0.980 4	334.734	3.77	0.986 7

有效成分	载体材料	吸附容量/ （mg·g^-1）	w（AMP）/ %	参考文献
AMP	磷酸锆	7.70	—	[23]
	海藻酸钙	91.70	67	[13]
	聚丙烯腈	81.00	—	[24]
	氧化铝	12.00	10	[25]
	SBA-15	70.90	50	[20]
	二氧化硅	36.60	20	[15]
	片状SBA-15	70.00	50	[26]
	SiO₂	63.45	27	本研究

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