二氧化钛制备技术研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0071

Abstract

Abstract:

TiO₂ has excellent pigment properties such as whiteness and fading power，and it is a functional material with stable physical and chemical properties.The current status and research progress of TiO₂ industrial production preparation methods were reviewed，the advantages，disadvantages，and development prospects of various preparation methods were analyzed.The sulfuric acid method could prepare rutile type and rutile type titanium dioxide，and different types of functional material products could be prepared.The chloride method could only prepare rutile type products，and the sulfuric acid method and chloride method would coexist for a long time.The molten salt chlorination technology in the chlorination process was more in line with the current situation of titanium resources in China.The technical bottleneck of boiling chlorination and the strict requirements for high titanium slag raw materials were the urgent problems that the Chinese titanium dioxide industry would face in the next step.The hydrochloric acid method in the new process technology had simple requirements for raw materials and could produce TiO₂ with different crystal forms and properties，making it the most promising for industrial development.The future development direction of various industrial preparation methods must shift towards clean，green，low⁃carbon，and comprehensive waste utilization to meet increasingly stringent environmental requirements and the current status of domestic titanium resources.

Key words: titanium dioxide, sulfuric acid method, chlorination method, industry

CLC Number:

TQ134.11

LI Huaquan, QIU Guibao, LÜ Xuewei. Research progress of titanium dioxide preparation technology[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(10): 20-27.

Figures/Tables 10

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生产商	产能/（万t⋅a^-1）	生产方法
合计	919.5
Chemours	117	氯化法
Cristal Global	80	氯化法+硫酸法
Kronos	57	氯化法+硫酸法
Huntsman	56	氯化法+硫酸法
Tronox	53	氯化法+硫酸法
Sachtleben	23.5	硫酸法
Ishihara	23	氯化法+硫酸法
中国	470	氯化法（约占10%）+硫酸法
其他国家	40	多以硫酸法为主

项目	硫酸法	氯化法	盐酸法
原料	要求低，钛铁矿和酸溶性钛渣即可满足生产要求，但是要求铬、钒等金属元素含量低	要求高，钛铁矿/白钛石（仅Chemours可以使用），金红石，氯化钛渣，对杂质和细度等要求严苛	要求低，低品位的含钛矿物即可满足生产要求，对杂质元素无要求
产品类型	锐钛型+金红石型	金红石型	锐钛型+金红石型
生产技术	成熟	国外对中国进行技术保密，技术门槛高，工艺技术复杂	不成熟
产品质量	精细控制，可得到与氯化法相近的产品	产品质量好，具有天然的技术优势	有待验证
其他辅助原料	易得到	配套氯气最优，石油焦、氧气、氮气等要求较高	盐酸、萃取剂等
污染与三废处理	量大，硫酸盐为主，能够处理，隐患较小	量小，氯化物为主，以深井填埋为主，隐患大	量小，部分可循环
安全性	规范操作，安全风险小	高温高压，安全风险大	安全风险小
投资强度	较低，设备成熟，易于制作	高，设备复杂，要求高，核心设备需要进口，国内部分材料不能满足要求	较低，设备材质要求高
能耗	电耗在1 000 kW·h左右	电耗在1 000~1 500 kW·h左右	电耗较硫酸法和氯化法低
人力水平	人力水平高，间歇式	人力水平低，实现连续生产，要求人力素质高	人力水平低，部分可实现连续化作业
其他运营成本	蒸汽和水的需求高，排放量大，需要渣场堆放	部分副产废物资源可以循环利用，部分可以转化为其他产品	能将钛铁矿夹杂的元素变为产品，排放量小

原料	单耗	原料	单耗
钛铁矿［w（TiO₂）=45%］	2.6~2.9 t	水	40~60 t
硫酸［w（H₂SO₄）=100%］	3.9~4.2 t	蒸汽	6~10 t
铁粉	0.15~0.30 t	动力电	1 000~1 500 kW·h

原料	单耗	原料	单耗
高钛渣［w（TiO₂）＞90%］	1.1~1.3 t	水	30~40 t
氯气［w（Cl₂）=100%］	0.10~0.15 t	氧气	380~400 t
Al粉	0.007~0.009 t	氮气	160~180 t
盐	0.007~0.008 t	蒸汽	4~6 t
动力电	1 000~1 200 kW·h

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Research progress of titanium dioxide preparation technology

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