不同温度下察尔汗盐湖卤水元素富集规律研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0441

Abstract

Abstract:

Qarhan Salt Lake has abundant resources，but its brine composition is complex and the comprehensive utilization rate of resources needs to be improved.To systematically study the enrichment patterns of elements such as potassium，lithium，rubidium，cesium，etc.，the isothermal evaporation experiments at 0 ℃，15 ℃，and 25 ℃ was conducted based on the climatic characteristics of the Dabson section of the Qarhan Salt Lake.The research results indicated that the crystallization process of brine under different temperature conditions presented a similar crystallization sequence，with the precipitation order being as follows：halite（NaCl），carnallite （KMgCl₃·6H₂O），and bischofite（MgCl₂·6H₂O），occasionally accompanied by a small amount of gypsum（CaSO₄·2H₂O） precipitation during the crystallization process.Temperature had a significant regulatory effect on the enrichment behavior of elements.The precipitation characteristics of major and trace elements were relatively similar at 15 ℃ and 25 ℃，but the crystallization efficiency of most elements was better at 15 ℃，and there was a phenomenon of homogeneity among elements in the same main group.The best enrichment effect could be achieved by evaporating Cs⁺ and Rb⁺ in brine at around 68% at 25 ℃ and Sr²⁺ at around 65% at 15 ℃.The Li⁺，B₂O₃，Br^-，and I^- were more suitable for extraction in brine.This study provided important scientific basis for the gradient development and high-value utilization of Qarhan Salt Lake resources from the perspective of temperature regulation.

Key words: Qarhan Salt Lake, isothermal evaporation, brine, crystallization sequence, trace element

CLC Number:

TS396

WANG Chao, SUN Xiaohong, DING Xiaojiang, ZHOU Youlian, WANG Shuli, WANG Fan, LIU Wanping. Study on enrichment law of elements in brine of Qarhan Salt Lake at different temperatures[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(8): 65-73.

Figures/Tables 25

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编号	蒸失率/ %	各物质的质量浓度/（g·L^-1）
编号	蒸失率/ %	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-
Z0-1	0	10.84	39.77	0.98	50.20	215.03	4.56
Z0-2	8.70	11.54	33.74	1.08	55.75	219.11	5.15
Z0-3	18.21	12.90	27.75	1.16	61.05	227.54	5.49
Z0-4	25.70	14.38	21.99	1.20	65.82	235.82	6.30
Z0-5	34.76	16.22	14.67	0.88	73.96	253.22	5.24
Z0-6	43.16	11.25	9.43	0.65	82.91	261.80	5.61
Z0-7	52.92	2.18	3.73	0.33	98.71	293.85	5.79
Z0-8	88.75	0.43	0.01	0.14	123.30	342.03	7.76

编号	蒸失率/%	各物质的质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）							密度/（g·mL^-1）
编号	蒸失率/%	Li⁺	B₂O₃	Rb⁺	Sr²⁺	Cs⁺	Br^-	I^-	密度/（g·mL^-1）
Z0-1	0	90.54	367.62	2.81	29.76	0.03	17.04	0.13	1.224 0
Z0-2	8.70	96.95	354.70	2.81	32.67	0.03	1.03	0.07	1.250 0
Z0-3	18.21	103.10	388.39	3.03	34.43	0.04	24.17	0.20	1.238 6
Z0-4	25.70	113.32	485.46	3.57	36.24	0.03	23.70	0.18	1.250 0
Z0-5	34.76	123.24	561.05	2.94	33.15	0.02	21.10	0.15	1.255 8
Z0-6	43.16	141.07	661.86	1.48	34.65	0.02	28.48	0.20	1.268 1
Z0-7	52.92	174.50	958.77	0.08	27.58	0.01	33.06	0.28	1.290 0
Z0-8	88.75	305.11	1 221.64	0.01	13.53	0.00	49.16	0.44	1.331 0

编号	蒸失率/ %	各物质的质量分数/%
编号	蒸失率/ %	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-
Z0-9	8.70	0.38	34.83	0.06	1.53	57.31	0.15
Z0-10	18.21	0.49	32.99	0.06	2.19	55.60	0.22
Z0-11	25.70	0.53	31.98	0.33	2.37	54.49	0.90
Z0-12	34.76	0.59	29.93	1.22	2.54	51.95	3.03
Z0-13	43.16	9.32	8.44	0.24	8.12	43.69	0.69
Z0-14	52.92	9.07	5.26	0.34	8.81	40.50	0.94
Z0-15	88.75	1.12	1.46	0.10	11.75	35.74	0.36

编号	蒸失率/ %	各物质的含量/（μg·g^-1）
编号	蒸失率/ %	Li⁺	B₂O₃	Rb⁺	Sr²⁺	Cs⁺	Br^-	I^-
Z0-9	8.70	24.10	139.00	1.29	8.29	0.03	7.02	0.20
Z0-10	18.21	24.19	103.47	1.03	11.37	0.02	8.07	0.44
Z0-11	25.70	31.25	138.05	1.19	36.17	0.02	9.12	0.49
Z0-12	34.76	34.86	156.16	1.29	148.51	0.02	10.18	0.51
Z0-13	43.16	40.54	157.91	42.54	48.76	0.25	17.28	0.16
Z0-14	52.92	48.21	182.98	15.49	102.74	0.22	19.74	0.17
Z0-15	88.75	45.15	199.50	0.43	55.80	0.03	23.72	0.11

编号	蒸失率/ %	各物质的质量浓度/（g·L^-1）
编号	蒸失率/ %	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-
Z15-1	0	10.84	39.77	0.98	50.20	215.03	4.56
Z15-2	15.82	11.74	36.66	1.03	53.98	219.59	4.95
Z15-3	24.17	12.12	32.89	1.07	56.54	222.60	5.22
Z15-4	29.83	12.86	29.66	1.13	59.14	225.77	5.55
Z15-5	34.62	13.37	27.95	1.16	61.29	230.52	5.66
Z15-6	40.93	13.94	24.84	1.17	64.11	234.16	5.78
Z15-7	47.24	14.36	21.95	1.20	68.22	237.97	5.94
Z15-8	53.48	15.79	19.45	0.95	72.09	240.82	5.41
Z15-9	64.66	17.50	13.71	1.04	79.35	258.88	5.98
Z15-10	71.19	17.06	10.26	0.57	85.54	270.73	5.18
Z15-11	75.98	12.78	8.98	0.53	89.04	273.68	5.36
Z15-12	80.48	9.14	7.59	0.52	93.84	277.77	5.63
Z15-13	84.54	5.87	5.96	0.51	97.92	286.79	5.96
Z15-14	88.46	3.40	4.45	0.29	99.81	297.90	5.75
Z15-15	91.73	1.92	3.21	0.20	105.89	313.38	5.96
Z15-16	96.95	0.71	1.67	0.15	113.44	339.30	6.36
Z15-17	97.39	0.63	1.53	0.13	112.59	340.88	6.46
Z15-18	97.75	0.61	1.55	0.11	116.74	339.08	6.70
Z15-19	98.19	0.60	1.55	0.11	116.48	341.31	7.06
Z15-20	98.48	0.61	1.58	0.10	115.90	338.60	7.19
Z15-21	99.06	0.60	1.57	0.10	116.91	342.58	7.87
Z15-22	99.49	0.60	1.49	0.10	118.00	342.58	8.64

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Inorganic Acid-Base-Salt Committee of CIESC

Study on enrichment law of elements in brine of Qarhan Salt Lake at different temperatures

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元素（固相）	峰值蒸失率/%	相对含量/（μg·g^-1）
Li⁺	100.00	165.22
B₂O₃	100.00	623.93
Br^-	100.00	42.36
I^-	100.00	0.28
Sr²⁺	64.66	222.17
Sr²⁺	96.95	452.27
Cs⁺	75.98	0.15
Cs⁺	80.48	0.15
Rb⁺	75.98	41.35

元素（固相）	峰值蒸失率/%	相对含量/（μg·g^-1）
Li⁺	71.35	86.80
Li⁺	91.45	107.00
B₂O₃	71.35	311.07
B₂O₃	91.45	392.86
Br^-	71.35	24.80
Br^-	100.00	36.80
I^-	71.35	0.27
I^-	91.45	0.32
Sr²⁺	67.95	166.00
Sr²⁺	86.38	93.50
Cs⁺	86.38	0.26
Rb⁺	71.35	32.90

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编号	蒸失率/%	各物质的质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）							密度/（g·mL^-1）
编号	蒸失率/%	Li⁺	B₂O₃	Rb⁺	Sr²⁺	Cs⁺	Br^-	I^-	密度/（g·mL^-1）
Z15-1	0	90.54	367.62	2.81	29.76	0.03	17.04	0.13	1.224 0
Z15-2	15.82	96.86	379.36	2.97	32.04	0.03	16.35	0.21	1.231 2
Z15-3	24.17	102.09	412.26	3.19	33.68	0.04	17.19	0.22	1.235 1
Z15-4	29.83	102.86	416.73	3.29	34.21	0.04	18.13	0.22	1.237 5
Z15-5	34.62	110.72	444.78	3.44	36.61	0.04	18.98	0.23	1.240 7
Z15-6	40.93	114.46	469.58	3.58	37.44	0.04	20.18	0.24	1.244 6
Z15-7	47.24	121.96	520.33	3.58	38.41	0.05	10.64	0.10	1.250 3
Z15-8	53.48	121.07	516.48	3.56	38.03	0.04	19.33	0.16	1.254 2
Z15-9	64.66	122.84	524.17	3.60	38.79	0.05	22.51	0.17	1.268 9
Z15-10	71.19	129.08	509.31	3.49	31.09	0.05	31.19	0.25	1.276 5
Z15-11	75.98	142.21	573.08	1.86	32.52	0.04	32.31	0.26	1.280 1
Z15-12	80.48	159.17	637.23	0.93	34.28	0.03	33.96	0.27	1.283 5
Z15-13	84.54	165.76	659.14	0.39	33.12	0.02	36.37	0.31	1.291 3
Z15-14	88.46	200.61	873.38	0.16	28.80	0.02	36.46	0.19	1.299 1
Z15-15	91.73	216.07	931.73	0.07	23.32	0.01	38.28	0.22	1.311 1
Z15-16	96.95	239.69	1 032.97	0.03	17.40	0.01	43.93	0.23	1.337 8
Z15-17	97.39	246.16	1 065.28	0.02	16.52	0.01	45.43	0.25	1.338 0
Z15-18	97.75	245.50	998.00	0.02	7.37	0.01	38.50	0.47	1.340 5
Z15-19	98.19	252.80	1 039.20	0.02	6.77	0.01	36.84	0.35	1.341 8
Z15-20	98.48	271.41	1 130.35	0.02	7.65	0.01	41.01	0.39	1.340 9
Z15-21	99.06	294.55	1 209.11	0.02	6.98	0.01	43.35	0.42	1.342 6
Z15-22	99.49	303.46	1 260.70	0.02	6.67	0.01	45.54	0.48	1.341 0

编号	蒸失率/ %	各物质的质量分数/%
编号	蒸失率/ %	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-
Z15-23	15.82	0.48	33.75	0.04	1.70	56.19	0.17
Z15-24	24.17	0.52	33.28	0.05	1.91	55.95	0.20
Z15-25	29.83	0.62	32.93	0.06	1.95	55.70	0.22
Z15-26	34.62	0.57	33.15	0.07	1.95	55.82	0.26
Z15-27	40.93	0.75	30.88	0.10	2.55	53.97	0.34
Z15-28	47.24	0.85	29.90	0.30	2.70	53.47	0.82
Z15-29	53.48	0.66	32.13	0.55	2.13	53.97	1.42
Z15-30	64.66	0.69	29.98	1.42	2.26	52.11	0.01
Z15-31	71.19	5.18	15.66	1.04	5.93	44.43	0.02
Z15-32	75.98	9.95	3.63	0.20	8.88	39.43	0.01
Z15-33	80.48	9.55	3.99	0.19	8.76	39.71	0.02
Z15-34	84.54	9.00	4.64	0.25	8.66	39.55	0.02
Z15-35	88.46	9.16	5.96	0.36	8.30	40.82	0.02
Z15-36	91.73	8.46	5.83	0.42	8.69	40.97	0.02
Z15-37	96.95	7.06	8.96	1.02	7.67	41.53	0.02
Z15-38	97.39	0.24	0.47	0.09	13.93	40.57	0.07
Z15-39	97.75	0.09	0.21	0.05	13.23	37.22	0.07
Z15-40	98.19	0.08	0.17	0.04	13.84	39.38	0.06
Z15-41	98.48	0.04	0.20	0.04	13.43	38.77	0.06
Z15-42	99.06	0.06	0.21	0.04	13.00	37.65	0.12
Z15-43	99.49	0.07	0.24	0.04	13.59	39.23	0.12
Z15-44	100.00	0.07	0.17	0.02	13.35	37.70	0.15

编号	蒸失率/ %	各物质的含量/（μg·g^-1）
编号	蒸失率/ %	Li⁺	B₂O₃	Rb⁺	Sr²⁺	Cs⁺	Br^-	I^-
Z15-23	15.82	25.60	130.77	1.20	10.78	0.01	6.48	0.12
Z15-24	24.17	30.20	197.94	1.27	12.34	0.01	7.39	0.11
Z15-25	29.83	27.12	197.50	1.51	13.95	0.02	7.10	0.10
Z15-26	34.62	31.04	188.55	1.45	15.07	0.02	7.58	0.10
Z15-27	40.93	34.16	192.64	1.78	18.12	0.02	10.91	0.10
Z15-28	47.24	35.69	188.45	2.07	38.71	0.02	11.66	0.08
Z15-29	53.48	29.52	150.71	1.55	82.23	0.02	9.63	0.10
Z15-30	64.66	28.83	140.09	1.92	227.17	0.02	9.40	0.08
Z15-31	71.19	46.82	201.86	24.14	181.62	0.08	15.88	0.10
Z15-32	75.98	43.21	184.10	41.35	37.27	0.15	19.53	0.10
Z15-33	80.48	46.83	224.21	25.92	41.28	0.15	19.28	0.11
Z15-34	84.54	51.36	238.62	15.44	70.22	0.14	20.76	0.12
Z15-35	88.46	35.93	186.16	9.80	120.86	0.14	18.62	0.08
Z15-36	91.73	45.68	225.34	5.55	162.24	0.14	21.92	0.16
Z15-37	96.95	41.83	168.33	2.98	452.27	0.14	18.38	0.10
Z15-38	97.39	88.81	335.72	0.23	63.40	0.01	34.30	0.15
Z15-39	97.75	99.40	379.43	0.11	39.01	0.01	35.35	0.19
Z15-40	98.19	84.76	357.90	0.13	27.90	0.01	33.79	0.18
Z15-41	98.48	75.44	319.65	0.15	32.87	0.01	27.98	0.12
Z15-42	99.06	139.80	593.81	0.12	22.80	0.01	35.53	0.24
Z15-43	99.49	124.08	576.44	0.11	26.58	0.01	36.87	0.19
Z15-44	100.00	165.22	623.93	0.21	12.08	0.02	42.36	0.28

编号	蒸失率/ %	各物质的质量浓度/（g·L^-1）
编号	蒸失率/ %	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-
Z25-1	0	10.35	43.43	1.02	51.56	217.53	4.76
Z25-2	46.93	16.31	22.07	0.78	68.57	240.72	5.03
Z25-3	67.95	18.61	10.41	0.47	82.94	272.35	5.14
Z25-4	71.35	9.68	7.22	0.42	91.90	281.26	5.50
Z25-5	86.38	1.56	2.66	0.16	109.50	321.03	6.19
Z25-6	91.45	0.66	1.54	0.12	121.72	342.59	8.48