盐湖卤水提锂技术研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0726

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid expansion of industries such as the electric vehicle industry，the demand for lithium raw materials has increased dramatically.Ore lithium resources are on the verge of exhaustion，while salt lake brine has rich lithium resources with low mining difficulty，which has quickly become a hot spot in lithium salt production and research.The distribution，water quality characteristics，and application of lithium extraction methods in salt lake brine resources in the world were summarized.The research progress of lithium extraction from salt lake brine by precipitation ， extraction ， adsorption ， membrane separation ， and electrochemistry was discussed from the aspects of reaction mechanism ， influencing factors ， and application effect . Among the existing technologies ，the membrane separation method and electrochemical method had the advantages of good separation effect and low energy consumption，thus showing broad application prospects.However，both the precipitation method and the extraction method had the problems of large dosages of chemicals and serious environmental pollution，while the adsorption method had shortcomings such as a slow adsorption process and easy dissolution of adsorbent ，thus resulting in great limitations in industry application.Finally，the development trend of lithium resources in salt lakes was prospected and suggestions for the subsequent optimization of the lithium extraction process were put forward.

Key words: salt lake brine, lithium-ion sieves, membrane separation, electrochemical lithium extraction

CLC Number:

TQ131.11

FU Yu, DENG Mi, HUANG Donggen, WAN Jinbao. Research progress of lithium extraction technology from salt lake brine[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(9): 9-16.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

References 39

1	ZAVAHIR S， ELMAKKI T， GULIED M，et al.A review on lithium recovery using electrochemical capturing systems［J］.Desalination，2021，500：114883.
2	SHANG Xiaohong， LIU Jianyun， HU Bin，et al.CNT-strung LiMn₂O₄for lithium extraction with high selectivity and stabili- ty［J］.Small Methods，2022，6（7）：2200508.
3	HU Bin， SHANG Xiaohong， NIE Pengfei，et al.Lithium ion sieve modified three-dimensional graphene electrode for selective extraction of lithium by capacitive deionization［J］.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science，2022，612：392-400.
4	SHI Wei， NIE Pengfei， SHANG Xiaohong，et al.Berlin green-based battery deionization-highly selective potassium recovery in seawater［J］.Electrochimica Acta，2019，310：104-112.
5	SWAIN B.Recovery and recycling of lithium：A review［J］.Separation and Purification Technology，2017，172：388-403.
6	CHRISTMANN P， GLOAGUEN E， LABBÉ J F，et al.Global lithium resources and Sustainability issues［M］. Lithium Process Chemistry.Amsterdam：Elsevier，2015：1-40.
7	张帆.基于组合电解液的电解法海水提锂技术探究［D］.南京：南京大学，2020.
	ZHANG Fan.Study on lithium extraction from seawater by electrolysis based on combined electrolyte［D］.Nanjing：Nanjing University，2020.
8	葛涛，徐亮，孟金伟，等.盐湖卤水提锂工艺技术研究进展［J］.有色金属工程，2021，11（2）：55-62.
	GE Tao， XU Liang， MENG Jinwei，et al.Research progress of lithium extraction technology from salt lake brine［J］.Nonferrous Metals Engineering，2021，11（2）：55-62.
9	SUN Ying， WANG Qi， WANG Yunhao，et al.Recent advances in magnesium/lithium separation and lithium extraction technologies from salt lake brine［J］.Separation and Purification Technology，2021，256：117807.
10	National Minerals Information Center.Mineral commodity summaries ［R］.Reston，Virginia：USGS-NMIC，2022.
11	JOO H， LEE J， YOON J.Short review：Timeline of the electrochemical lithium recovery system using the spinel LiMn₂O₄ as a positive electrode［J］.Energies，2020，13（23）：6235.
12	张秀峰，谭秀民，张利珍.纳滤膜分离技术应用于盐湖卤水提锂的研究进展［J］.无机盐工业，2017，49（1）：1-5.
	ZHANG Xiufeng， TAN Xiumin， ZHANG Lizhen.Research progress in lithium extraction from salt lake brine by nanofiltration membrane separation technology［J］.Inorganic Chemicals Industry，2017，49（1）：1-5.
13	乜贞，伍倩，丁涛，等.中国盐湖卤水提锂产业化技术研究进展［J］.无机盐工业，2022，54（10）：1-12.
	NIE Zhen， WU Qian， DING Tao，et al.Research progress on industrialization technology of lithium extraction from salt lake brine in China［J］.Inorganic Chemicals Industry，2022，54（10）：1-12.
14	ZHANG Ye， SUN Wei， XU Rui，et al.Lithium extraction from water lithium resources through green electrochemical-battery approaches：A comprehensive review［J］.Journal of Cleaner Production，2021，285：124905.
15	ZHANG Ye， HU Yuehua， WANG Li，et al.Systematic review of lithium extraction from salt-lake brines via precipitation approach- es［J］.Minerals Engineering，2019，139：105868.
16	HEIDARI N， MOMENI P.Selective adsorption of lithium ions from Urmia Lake onto aluminum hydroxide［J］.Environmental Earth Sciences，2017，76（16）：551.
17	AN J W， KANG Dongjun， TRAN K T，et al.Recovery of lithium from uyuni salar brine［J］.Hydrometallurgy，2012，117/118：64- 70.
18	NGUYEN T， LEE Man.A review on the separation of lithium ion from leach liquors of primary and secondary resources by solvent extraction with commercial extractants［J］.Processes，2018，6（5）：55.
19	HARVIANTO G R， KIM S H， JU C S.Solvent extraction and stripping of lithium ion from aqueous solution and its application to seawater［J］.Rare Metals，2016，35（12）：948-953.
20	ZHOU Zhiyong， QIN Wei， FEI Weiyang.Extraction equilibria of lithium with tributyl phosphate in three diluents［J］.Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data，2011，56（9）：3518-3522.
21	SHI Chenglong， JING Yan， JIA Yongzhong.Solvent extraction of lithium ions by tri-n-butyl phosphate using a room temperature ionic liquid［J］.Journal of Molecular Liquids，2016，215：640- 646.
22	QIAO Linju， CHEN Hang， YU Jianguo.Recovery of lithium from salt-lake brine by liquid-liquid extraction using TBP-FeCl₃ based mixture solvent［J］.The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering，2023，101（4）：2139-2147.
23	GUO Youhong，BAE J， FANG Zhiwei，et al.Hydrogels and hydrogel-derived materials for energy and water sustainability［J］.Chemical Reviews，2020，120（15）：7642-7707.
24	HE Lihua， XU Wenhua， SONG Yunfeng，et al.New insights into the application of lithium-ion battery materials：Selective extraction of lithium from brines via a rocking-chair lithium-ion battery system［J］.Global Challenges，2018，2（2）：1700079.
25	PARANTHAMAN M P， LI Ling， LUO Jiaqi，et al.Recovery of lithium from geothermal brine with lithium-aluminum layered double hydroxide chloride sorbents［J］.Environmental Science & Technology，2017，51（22）：13481-13486.
26	XIAO Weiji， XIN Chao， LI Sibai，et al.Insight into fast Li diffusion in Li-excess spinel lithium manganese oxide［J］.Journal of Materials Chemistry A，2018，6（21）：9893-9898.
27	HE Gang， ZHANG Liyuan， ZHOU Dali，et al.The optimal condition for H₂TiO₃-lithium adsorbent preparation and Li⁺ adsorption confirmed by an orthogonal test design［J］.Ionics，2015，21（8）：2219-2226.
28	SOMRANI A， HAMZAOUI A H， PONTIE M.Study on lithium separation from salt lake brines by nanofiltration（NF） and low pressure reverse osmosis（LPRO）［J］.Desalination，2013，317：184-192.
29	SUN Shuying， CAI Lijuan， NIE Xiaoyao，et al.Separation of magnesium and lithium from brine using a desal nanofiltration membrane［J］.Journal of Water Process Engineering，2015，7：210- 217.
30	NIE Xiaoyao， SUN Shuying， SUN Ze，et al.Ion-fractionation of lithium ions from magnesium ions by electrodialysis using monovalent selective ion-exchange membranes［J］.Desalination，2017，403：128-135.
31	JI Zhiyong， CHEN Qingbai， YUAN Junsheng，et al.Preliminary study on recovering lithium from high Mg²⁺/Li⁺ ratio brines by electrodialysis［J］.Separation and Purification Technology，2017，172：168-177.
32	SHI Wenhui， LIU Xiaoyue， YE Chenzeng，et al.Efficient lithium extraction by membrane capacitive deionization incorporated with monovalent selective cation exchange membrane［J］.Separation and Purification Technology，2019，210：885-890.
33	RYU T， RYU J C， SHIN J，et al.Recovery of lithium by an electrostatic field-assisted desorption process［J］.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research，2013，52（38）：13738-13742.
34	LEE J， YU S H， KIM C，et al.Highly selective lithium recovery from brine using a λ-MnO₂-Ag battery［J］.Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics，2013，15（20）：7690.
35	SHANG Xiaohong， HU Bin， NIE Pengfei，et al.LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄-based hybrid capacitive deionization for highly selective adsorption of lithium from brine［J］.Separation and Purification Technology，2021，258：118009.
36	MISSONI L L， MARCHINI F， DEL POZO M，et al.A LiMn₂O₄-polypyrrole system for the extraction of LiCl from natural brine［J］.Journal of the Electrochemical Society，2016，163（9）：A1898-A1902.
37	HAN Tao， YU Xiaoping， GUO Yafei，et al.Green recovery of low concentration of lithium from geothermal water by a novel FPO/KNiFC ion pump technique［J］.Electrochimica Acta，2020，350：136385.
38	KIM S， LEE J， KIM S，et al.Electrochemical lithium recovery with a LiMn₂O₄-zinc battery system using zinc as a negative electrode［J］.Energy Technology，2018，6（2）：340-344.
39	ZHAO Mengyao， JI Zhiyong， ZHANG Yongguang，et al.Study on lithium extraction from brines based on LiMn₂O₄/Li_1- _x Mn₂O₄ by electrochemical method［J］.Electrochimica Acta，2017，252：350-361.

盐湖名称	化学组成质量分数/%							镁锂质量比
盐湖名称	Li）	Na⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	CO₃^2-	镁锂质量比
阿塔卡玛湖	0.15	7.60	1.85	0.960	16.04	1.65	―	6.4
乌尤尼盐湖	0.05	10.80	0.70	0.400	16.70	0.70	0.004 7	8.0
霍姆布雷托盐湖	0.062	9.789	0.617	0.085	15.80	0.853	―	1.37
美国里肯盐湖	0.033	9.63	0.624	0.284	15.25	1.014	―	8.61
西尔斯盐湖	0.008 3	15.20	0.038	0.034	12.39	4.56	2.33	4.1
美国银峰盐湖	0.023	6.20	0.530	0.033	10.61	0.710	―	1.43
美国大盐湖	0.004	8.00	0.65	1.000	14.00	2.00	―	250
以色列死海	0.002	3.00	0.60	3.330	16.00	0.05	―	2 000
青海察尔汗盐湖	0.001 3	5.903	1.00	2.372	16.67	0.53	―	1 825
西藏扎布耶南湖	0.141	11.10	3.16	0.000 4	13.61	3.67	3.26	0.003
西藏扎布耶北湖	0.153	10.30	2.16	0.002	12.37	4.87	2.07	0.01
青海东台吉乃尔	0.085	5.13	1.47	2.990	14.95	4.78	―	35.2
青海西台吉乃尔	0.021	8.252	0.69	1.284	14.97	2.88	―	61.0
青海大柴旦盐湖	0.020	10.60	0.40	1.30	18.70	2.25	―	65.0
青海一里坪盐湖	0.022	6.694	0.91	2.00	16.17	1.14	―	91.0

盐湖名称	主要提锂方法	工艺优点	工艺缺点
阿塔卡玛湖	碳酸盐沉淀法	工艺简单、能耗低、成本低	回收率低、生产周期长、废弃物多
美国银峰湖	碳酸盐沉淀法	工艺简单、能耗低、成本低	回收率低、生产周期长、废弃物多
以色列死海	铝酸盐沉淀法	回收率高、适合高镁锂比卤水	成本高、能耗高、危害性大
霍姆布雷托盐湖	吸附法	选择性好、纯度高	速率慢、吸附剂易损耗、淡水消耗量大
青海察尔汗盐湖	吸附法	选择性好、纯度高	速率慢、吸附剂易损耗、淡水消耗量大
青海东台吉乃尔盐湖	膜电渗析法	设备简单、操作方便	分离效率低、膜寿命短
青海西台吉乃尔盐湖	煅烧法	综合利用率高、工艺成熟	能耗大、环境污染大
青海大柴旦盐湖	萃取法	适应性强、速率快、纯度高	萃取剂昂贵、易溶损、设备易受腐蚀
西藏扎布耶	太阳池法	能耗低、成本低	工艺周期长、地理环境限制大
西藏麻米错	吸附法	选择性好、纯度高	速率慢、吸附剂易损耗
西藏拉果错	吸附法	选择性好、纯度高	速率慢、吸附剂易损耗
西藏捌千错	电化学脱嵌法	速率快、纯度高	成本高、产物需二次处理

[1]	KONG Lingjie, LI Guangbi, XIE Jiahao, YANG Xinhui, BAI Xiaoqin. Research progress on lithium extraction technology from salt lake brine [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(1): 14-26.
[2]	CHENG Chunchun, LI Yulong, ZHANG Zhiqiang, LIU Xuejing. Study on dissolution crystallization for extraction of potassium and separation of magnesium and lithium from salt lake brine [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(6): 34-39.
[3]	FU Yu, ZHANG Boshuang, YANG Jianmao, LIU Jianyun. Research progress of lithium manganese oxide materials in electrochemical lithium extraction applications [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(12): 62-69.
[4]	LU Nana, QIN Yaru, MA Shuqing, WANG Qihui, LIU Bing, SHI Chenglong. Study on extraction of lithium from simulated old brine of salt lake by pyridine ionic liquid system [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(7): 45-50.
[5]	TIAN Zhuangzhuang, CHEN Jianjun, JIN Yang, CHEN Ming, LI Jun, LIU Daijun. Experimental study on removing metal ions from phosphoric acid by nanofiltration membrane [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(12): 133-139.
[6]	YU Jianguo,SUN Qing,QIU Shengbo,ZHANG Yiren,CHEN Jun. Lithium resources development supporting national new energy strategy development [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(1): 1-14.
[7]	LIN Yuqing,ZHANG Yiren,QIU Yulong,ZHANG Jiayu,YU Jianguo. Progress and prospect of membrane technology in lithium extraction from salt lake brine [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(1): 33-45.
[8]	NIE Zhen, WU Qian, DING Tao, BU Lingzhong, WANG Yunsheng, YU Jiangjiang, HOU Xianhua. Research progress on industrialization technology of lithium extraction from salt lake brine in China [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(10): 1-12.
[9]	Xiong Jiaqing,Zhang Yu,Zhu Junguo. Study on process of producing low-sodium carhalite by double brine mixing method [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(8): 44-49.
[10]	HAN Jiahuan, NIE Zhen, FANG Chaohe, WU Qian, CAO Qian, WANG Yunsheng, BO Lingzhong, YU Jiangjiang. Analysis of existing circumstance of supply and demand on China′s lithium resources [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(12): 61-66.
[11]	Chen Wang,Jiang Lei,Pan Qiaozhen,Yang Weiwei,Zhu Xianrong,Chen Linlin,Zhu Wenshuai. Research on preparation and adsorption performance of titanium lithium ion sieve [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(10): 47-51.
[12]	Gu Junjie,Li Zengrong,Tang Faman,Zhang Xu,Hou Miaomiao,Wang Xiaohu. Study on continuous ion exchange process applied in lithium extraction from salt lake brine with adsorption method [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(7): 46-51.
[13]	Li Xinwang,Gu Xiaojuan,Zuo Dahai,Yang Shuxiong,Peng Kangming. Pilot study of ceramic ultrafiltration membrane for qualified lithium-extraction solution from salt lake brine [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(4): 61-64.
[14]	Qin Yaru,Shi Chenglong,Wang Xingquan,Song Guixiu,Li Hongxia,Zhang Jingjing. Study on scrubbing process of lithium extraction from brine in ionic liquid system [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(3): 55-58.
[15]	Zang Yihua,Chen Zan,Sheng Chunguang,Wu Wei,Zheng Qiuhong,Wang Liangming. Preparation of T-type zeolite membrane and its separation performance on acetonitrile-water containing acid [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(2): 50-53.

National Inorganic Salts Information Center

Inorganic Acid-Base-Salt Committee of CIESC

Research progress of lithium extraction technology from salt lake brine

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 39

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0