城市污泥热解影响因素分析及残渣资源化研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0423

Abstract

Abstract:

As a new sludge treatment technology，pyrolysis process has been widely concerned by the society because of its advantages such as thorough treatment，high resource utilization rate，less pollution and the ability to solidify heavy metals.The source，type，characteristics and other factors of urban sludge will affect the structure and property of the pyrolysis residue.Understanding the pyrolysis process of urban sludge is an important basis for the subsequent reclamation of the residue.The pyrolysis technology of municipal sludge，the factors affecting the pyrolysis process and the migration behavior of heavy metals were summarized，and the applications of pyrolytic residues in the fields of building materials，biofuels，landfill overburden，adhesives and porous adsorption materials were analyzed.At the same time，it was pointed out that further exploration of the pyrolysis process of different sources and types of municipal sludge and the efficient utilization of pyrolysis residue were the future research focus.

Key words: municipal sludge, pyrolysis, residue, resource recovery

CLC Number:

X799.3

LU Dachuan, GU Weihua, ZHAO Jing, ZHUANG Xuning, DONG Bin, BAI Jianfeng. Research progress of influencing factors of pyrolysis of municipal sludge and residue recycling[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(5): 8-15.

Figures/Tables 6

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热解工艺	优点	缺点	仪器	温度/℃	气体氛围
微波辅助热解法^[16]	有效稳定残渣中的重金属，改善废物基质中重金属的结合；具有比传统热解工艺更高的热解效率和安全性	处理过程需要添加微波吸收剂（如碳化硅等），能耗高，成本高	普通多模微波腔	150~800	氮气（体积分数为99.995%）
马弗炉法^[17]	有效固定残渣中的重金属；残渣浸出率高于微波法	加热过程中金属蒸汽冷凝相对缓慢，导致较大颗粒沉积在残渣表面；热解不完全，需要进一步热解	马弗炉	100~1 800	氮气（体积分数为99.9%）、氢气（体积分数为99.9%）
等离子体法^[18]	使用惰性气体如氩气进行热解，成本低；在电镀污泥方面具有高效性	热解过程需要添加大量石英砂，能耗高	带有直流转移电弧等离子体炬的反应器	0~25 000	氩气（体积分数为 99.9%）
管式炉法^[19]	在玻璃管内热解，易于收集液体和气体产物；简单、经济，适用于工业生产	对重质原料适用性不高	管式炉	100~1 800	氮气（体积分数为 99.995%）、氦气（体积分数为99.995%）、氢气（体积分数为99.9%）

影响因素	产物	重金属行为	污泥类型
温度^[28-32]	温度升高，释放挥发分，生成热解油；然后热解油化学键断裂，生成气体产物；同时存在碳氢化合物等物质的降解	温度升高，污泥中F1和F2组分含量下降，F3和F4组分含量上升，从而固定重金属，降低生物利用度	好氧活性污泥
升温速率^[34-35]	升温速率越快，热解产物（气相产物和固相产物）的产率越小	升温速率越快，F1和F2组分含量越多，F3和F4组分含量越少，导致挥发分析出量减少	厌氧消化污泥、脱水污泥
停留时间^[38]	停留时间越长，污泥中生物质分子受热越均匀，挥发分析出量和热解油产量越多	停留时间越长，污泥中F1和F2组分含量越少，F3和F4含量越多	消化污泥

领域	应用	污泥类型（污泥来源）
建筑材料	污泥陶粒、烧结砖、水泥等	污染湖泥、城市污水处理厂污泥
生物燃料	生物燃油、氢燃料等	脱水活性污泥、造纸厂污泥、炼油厂污泥
其他领域	土壤改良如固定重金属、吸附有机物、提高微生物丰度及多孔吸附等	垃圾填埋场污泥、污水处理厂污泥

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Research progress of influencing factors of pyrolysis of municipal sludge and residue recycling

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