盐湖锂资源高效分离提取技术研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0293

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium resources are important national strategic resources,which are widely used in many fields such as new energy vehicles,electronic products,and energy storage.China is rich in lithium resources.Among them,salt lake brine lithium resources are mainly distributed in Qinghai and Tibet.However,due to factors such as the low grade of salt lake brine itself,low extraction efficiency of lithium salt and limited production capacity,it has not been effectively developed,resulting in a serious dependence on foreign lithium products.Therefore,in order to ensure the continuous and safe supply of lithium resources in China,it is of great significance to break through the lithium extraction technology from salt lakes and explore more green,efficient and low-cost extraction technologies for the utilization of lithium resources in salt lake brines.The general situation of lithium resources in salt lakes,the characteristics of salt lake brine,and the latest research progress of efficient separation and extraction of lithium resources were systematically introduced.Finally,the research focus of lithium resources separation and extraction technology was prospected.

Key words: salt lake, brine, lithium resources, lithium extraction technology

CLC Number:

TQ131.11

MA Zhen. Research progress on efficient separation and extraction technology of lithium resources in salt lakes[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(10): 22-29.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

References 49

[1]	吴静, 任秀莲, 魏琦峰.盐湖卤水中锂的分离提取研究进展[J].无机盐工业, 2020, 52(12): 1-6.
	WU Jing, REN Xiulian, WEI Qifeng.Research progress on separation and extraction of lithium from salt-lake brine[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(12): 1-6.
[2]	CUI Li, JIANG Kun, WANG Junfeng, et al.Role of ionic liquids in the efficient transfer of lithium by Cyanex 923 in solvent extraction system[J].AIChE Journal, 2019, 65(8).Doi:10.1002/aic.16606 . doi: 10.1002/aic.16606
[3]	王琪, 赵有璟, 刘洋, 等. 高镁锂比盐湖镁锂分离与锂提取技术研究进展[J].化工学报, 2021, 72(6): 2905-2921, 3433.
	WANG Qi, ZHAO Youjing, LIU Yang, et al.Recent advances in magnesium/lithium separation and lithium extraction technologies from salt lake brine with high magnesium/lithium ratio[J].CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(6): 2905-2921, 3433.
[4]	蒋晨啸, 陈秉伦, 张东钰, 等. 我国盐湖锂资源分离提取进展[J].化工学报, 2022, 73(2): 481-503.
	JIANG Chenxiao, CHEN Binglun, ZHANG Dongyu, et al.Progress in isolating lithium resources from China salt lake brine[J].CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(2): 481-503.
[5]	ZHAO Zhongwei, LIU Gui, JIA Hang, et al.Sandwiched liquid-membrane electrodialysis:Lithium selective recovery from salt lake brines with high Mg/Li ratio[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2020,596.Doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117685 . doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117685
[6]	QI G C, HAI C X, ZHOU Y.Progress of extracting lithium by manganese oxide ion-sieve adsorbent[J].Journal of Functional Materials, 2018, 49(11): 11023-11032.
[7]	PENG Huawen, ZHAO Qiang.A nano-heterogeneous membrane for efficient separation of lithium from high magnesium/lithium ratio brine[J].Advanced Functional Materials, 2021, 31(14).Doi:10.1002/adfm.202009430 . doi: 10.1002/adfm.202009430
[8]	钟财富, 刘坚, 吕斌, 等. 我国新能源汽车产业锂资源需求分析及政策建议[J].中国能源, 2018, 40(10): 12-15, 24.
	ZHONG Caifu, LIU Jian, Bin LÜ, et al.Demand analysis and policy suggestions for lithium resources in China's new energy automobile industry[J].Energy of China, 2018, 40(10): 12-15, 24.
[9]	SWAIN B.Recovery and recycling of lithium:A review[J].Separation and Purification Technology, 2017, 172: 388-403.
[10]	伍倩, 刘喜方, 郑绵平, 等. 我国盐湖锂资源开发现状、存在问题及对策[J].现代化工, 2017, 37(5): 1-5.
	WU Qian, LIU Xifang, ZHENG Mianping, et al.Present situation,existing problems and countermeasures of development of salt lake lithium resources in China[J].Modern Chemical Industry, 2017, 37(5): 1-5.
[11]	王秋舒, 元春华.全球锂矿供应形势及我国资源安全保障建议[J].中国矿业, 2019, 28(5): 1-6.
	WANG Qiushu, YUAN Chunhua.The global supply situation of lithium ore and suggestions on resources security in China[J].China Mining Magazine, 2019, 28(5): 1-6.
[12]	高峰, 郑绵平, 乜贞, 等. 盐湖卤水锂资源及其开发进展[J].地球学报, 2011, 32(4): 483-492.
	GAO Feng, ZHENG Mianping, NIE Zhen, et al.Brine lithium resource in the salt lake and advances in its exploitation[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2011, 32(4): 483-492.
[13]	CABELLO J.Lithium brine production,reserves,resources and exploration in Chile:An updated review[J].Ore Geology Reviews, 2021,128.Doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103883 . doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103883
[14]	罗莎莎, 郑绵平.西藏地区盐湖锂资源的开发现状[J].地质与勘探, 2004, 40(3): 11-14.
	LUO Shasha, ZHENG Mianping.Exploitation actuality of saline lake lithium resources in Tibet[J].Geology and Prospecting, 2004, 40(3): 11-14.
[15]	冯洪兰.青海省锂资源开发利用现状及前景[J].化工矿物与加工, 2017, 46(7): 67-69.
	FENG Honglan.Present situation and prospects of lithium resources development and utilization in Qinghai[J].Industrial Minerals ＆ Processing, 2017, 46(7): 67-69.
[16]	赵旭, 张琦, 武海虹, 等. 盐湖卤水提锂[J].化学进展, 2017, 29(7): 796-808.
	ZHAO Xu, ZHANG Qi, WU Haihong, et al.Extraction of lithium from salt lake brine[J].Progress in Chemistry, 2017, 29(7): 796-808.
[17]	AN J W, KANG Dong jun, TRAN K T, et al.Recovery of lithium from uyuni salar brine[J].Hydrometallurgy, 2012, 117-118: 64-70.
[18]	彭姣玉.硫酸盐型富硼卤水稀释成盐——现象、机理及动力学[D].西宁:中国科学院研究生院（青海盐湖研究所）, 2016.
	PENG Jiaoyu.Research on phenomenon,mechanism,dynamics of borates crystallization by diluting boron-containing brine of sulfate-type saline lakes with water[D].Xining:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes）, 2016.
[19]	余疆江, 郑绵平, 唐力君, 等. 碳酸盐型卤水实验室模拟提锂和太阳池提锂的对比[J].化工进展, 2013, 32(6): 1248-1252, 1260.
	YU Jiangjiang, ZHENG Mianping, TANG Lijun, et al.Comparative study of lithium extraction from the carbonate brine between solar pond and laboratory simulation experiment[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2013, 32(6): 1248-1252, 1260.
[20]	HAMZAOUI A H, HAMMI H, M′NIF A.Operating conditions for lithium recovery from natural brines[J].Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2007, 52(12): 1859-1863.
[21]	付烨, 钟辉.沉淀法分离高镁锂比盐湖卤水的研究现状[J].矿产综合利用, 2010(2): 30-33.
	FU Ye, ZHONG Hui.Research situation of separating magnesium and lithium from high Mg/Li ratio salt lake brine[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2010(2): 30-33.
[22]	ZHANG Ye, HU Yuehua, SUN Ning, et al.A novel precipitant for separating lithium from magnesium in high Mg/Li ratio brine[J].Hydrometallurgy, 2019, 187: 125-133.
[23]	ZHANG Ye, XU Rui, WANG Li, et al.Separation of magnesium from lithium in salt-lake brine through struvite precipitation[J].Minerals Engineering, 2022,180.Doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2022.2022.107468 . doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2022.2022.107468
[24]	朱华芳, 高洁, 郭亚飞, 等. 溶剂萃取法提锂的研究进展[J].广东微量元素科学, 2010, 17(11): 25-30.
	ZHU Huafang, GAO Jie, GUO Yafei, et al.Progresses on solvent extraction for lithium recovery from brines[J].Guangdong Trace Elements Science, 2010, 17(11): 25-30.
[25]	石成龙, 景燕, 肖江, 等. 离子液体体系用于盐湖卤水提取锂[J].化工学报, 2015, 66(S1): 265-271.
	SHI Chenglong, JING Yan, XIAO Jiang, et al.Application of ionic liquids for extraction of lithium from salt lake brine[J].CIESC Journal, 2015, 66(S1): 265-271.
[26]	ZHANG Zezheng, JIA Yongzhong, LIU Bing, et al.Study on beha-vior of lithium ion in solvent extraction and isotope separation[J].Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2021,324.Doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114709 . doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114709
[27]	LI Z, BINNEMANS K.Selective removal of magnesium from lithium‐rich brine for lithium purification by synergic solvent extraction using β iketones and Cyanex 923[J].AIChE Journal, 2020, 66(7).Doi:10.1002/aic.16246 . doi: 10.1002/aic.16246
[28]	ZHANG Chunfeng, SONG Jianfeng, HUANG Tao, et al.Increasing lithium extraction performance by adding sulfonated poly（ether ether ketone） into block-copolymer ethylene vinyl alcohol membrane[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2020, 95(5): 1559-1568.
[29]	SU Hui, LI Zheng, ZHANG Jian, et al.Recovery of lithium from salt lake brine using a mixed ternary solvent extraction system consisting of TBP,FeCl₃ and P507[J].Hydrometallurgy, 2020,197.Doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105487 . doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105487
[30]	ZHOU Zhiyong, FAN Jiahui, LIU Xueting, et al.Recovery of lithium from salt-lake brines using solvent extraction with TBP as extractant and FeCl₃ as co-extraction agent[J].Hydrometallurgy, 2020,191.Doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.105244 . doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.105244
[31]	丁涛, 郑绵平, 张雪飞, 等. 盐湖卤水提锂技术及产业化发展[J].科技导报, 2020, 38(15): 16-23.
	DING Tao, ZHENG Mianping, ZHANG Xuefei, et al.Development of lithium extraction technology and industrialization in brines of salt lake[J].Science ＆ Technology Review, 2020, 38(15): 16-23.
[32]	许乃才, 黎四霞, 曹佳佳, 等. 锰氧化物锂离子筛的掺杂改性及吸附性能研究[J].无机盐工业, 2020, 52(4): 37-41.
	XU Naicai, LI Sixia, CAO Jiajia, et al.Research on doping modification and adsorption performance of manganese oxides lithium ion sieve[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(4): 37-41.
[33]	CHEN Jun, LIN Sen, YU Jianguo.High-selective cyclic adsorption and magnetic recovery performance of magnetic lithium-aluminum layered double hydroxides（MLDHs） in extracting Li⁺ from ultrahigh Mg/Li ratio brines[J].Separation and Purification Technology, 2021,255.Doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117710 . doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117710
[34]	WANG Shulei, CHEN Xin, ZHANG Ying, et al.Lithium adsorption from brine by iron-doped titanium lithium ion sieves[J].Particuology, 2018, 41: 40-47.
[35]	WANG Jianren, WANG Gang, WANG Yuwei, et al.Hierarchically porous polyacrylonitrile（PAN） 3D architectures with anchored lattice-expanded λ-MnO₂ nanodots as freestanding adsorbents for superior lithium separation[J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2020, 59(29): 13239-13245.
[36]	马培华, 邓小川, 温现民.从盐湖卤水中分离镁和浓缩锂的方法: 中国,1281497C[P].2006-10-25.
[37]	李白薇.马培华:发现盐湖的价值——记2011年度青海省重大科技贡献奖获得者马培华[J].中国科技奖励, 2012(7): 73-74.
[38]	ZHAO Youjing, WANG Huaiyou, LI Yan, et al.An integrated membrane process for preparation of lithium hydroxide from high Mg/Li ratio salt lake brine[J].Desalination, 2020,493.Doi:10.1016/j.desal.2020.114620.
[39]	BI Qiuyan, XU Shiai.A positively charged PI nanofiltration membrane with good separation for Li⁺ and Mg²⁺ [J].Desalination and Water Treatment, 2020, 198: 98-107.
[40]	ASHRAF M A, WANG Junfeng, WU Baichun, et al.Enhancement in Li⁺/Mg²⁺ separation from salt lake brine with PDA-PEI composite nanofiltration membrane[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2020, 137(47).Doi:10.1002/app.49549 . doi: 10.1002/app.49549
[41]	郭志远, 纪志永, 陈华艳, 等. 电化学提锂技术中电极材料和电极体系的研究进展[J].化工进展, 2020, 39(6): 2294-2303.
	GUO Zhiyuan, JI Zhiyong, CHEN Huayan, et al.Progress of electrode materials and electrode systems in electrochemical lithium extraction process[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(6): 2294-2303.
[42]	LEE J, YU S H, KIM C, et al.Highly selective lithium recovery from brine using a λ-MnO₂-Ag battery[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2013, 15(20): 7690-7695.
[43]	LI Zongfeng, DONG Guixia, KANG Jingrui, et al.Preparation and electrochemical properties of nanoparticle structural LiFePO₄/C by sol-gel method as cathode material for lithium ion batteri-es[J].Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Electronics, 2019, 30(7): 6593-6600.
[44]	LIU Dongfan, SUN Shuying, YU Jianguo.Electrochemical and adsorption behaviour of Li⁺,Na⁺,K⁺,Ca²⁺,and Mg²⁺ in LiMn₂O₄/λ-MnO₂ structures[J].The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, 97(S1): 1589-1595.
[45]	殷睿鑫, 何利华, 唐忠阳, 等. 电化学脱嵌法盐湖提锂多孔LiFePO₄电极的制备[J].矿产保护与利用, 2021, 41(3): 155-160.
	YIN Ruixin, HE Lihua, TANG Zhongyang, et al.Preparation of porous LiFePO₄ electrode of electrochemical de-intercalation/intercalation method for lithium extraction from brine[J].Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2021, 41(3): 155-160
[46]	ZHAO Mengyao, JI Zhiyong, ZHANG Yongguang, et al.Study on lithium extraction from brines based on LiMn₂O₄/Li_1- _x Mn₂O₄ by electrochemical method[J].Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 252: 350-361.
[47]	KIM J S, LEE Y H, CHOI S, et al.An electrochemical cell for selective lithium capture from seawater[J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 49(16): 9415-9422.
[48]	GUO Zhiyuan, JI Zhiyong, CHEN Huayan, et al.Effect of impurity ions in the electrosorption lithium extraction process:Generation and restriction of “selective concentration polarization”[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2020, 8(31): 11834-11844.
[49]	苏慧.多组分协同溶剂萃取体系应用于高镁盐湖卤水提锂的研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学（中国科学院过程工程研究所）, 2021.
	SU Hui.Study on the lithium recovery from salt lake brines containing high magnesium concentration using multiple component synergistic solvent extraction system[D].Beijing:Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021.

盐湖	所属开采方	资源量/ 万t	所处阶段	产能/ （t·a^-1）
察尔汗盐湖	青海盐湖蓝科锂业股份有限公司	1 413	生产	30 000
东台吉乃尔盐湖	青海锂业有限公司	110	生产	10 000
西台吉乃尔盐湖	青海中信国安锂业发展有限公司	320	生产	35 000
西藏扎布耶盐湖	西藏矿业发展股份有限公司	184	生产	7 000
一里坪盐湖	五矿盐湖有限公司	157	生产	10 000
西藏龙木措结则茶卡盐湖	西藏城市发展投资股份有限公司	390	生产	约3 000

盐湖	镁锂物质的量比	w （Li⁺）/ %	w （Na⁺）/ %	w （K⁺）/ %	w （Mg²⁺）/ %	分类
察尔汗盐湖	1 577.000	0.003	2.37	1.250	4.890	氯化物型
西台吉乃尔盐湖	65.200	0.031	5.63	0.440	2.020	硫酸盐型
西藏扎布耶盐湖	0.053	0.049	7.29	1.660	0.003	碳酸盐型
一里坪盐湖	61.000	0.021	2.58	0.910	1.280	硫酸盐型
大柴旦盐湖	134.000	0.016	6.92	0.710	2.140	硫酸盐型

National Inorganic Salts Information Center

Inorganic Acid-Base-Salt Committee of CIESC

Research progress on efficient separation and extraction technology of lithium resources in salt lakes

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 49

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	YU Xudong, LI Jing, REN Siying, LUO Jun, ZENG Ying. Study on solid-liquid phase equilibrium of Li⁺，K⁺，Ca²⁺//Cl^--H₂O quaternary system at 298.2 K [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(3): 30-35.
[2]	KONG Lingjie, LI Guangbi, XIE Jiahao, YANG Xinhui, BAI Xiaoqin. Research progress on lithium extraction technology from salt lake brine [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(1): 14-26.
[3]	CHENG Chunchun, LI Yulong, ZHANG Zhiqiang, LIU Xuejing. Study on dissolution crystallization for extraction of potassium and separation of magnesium and lithium from salt lake brine [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(6): 34-39.
[4]	YANG Yousheng, YAO Zhihao, ZHAO Zhixing, FENG Xia, ZENG Ying, YU Xudong. Research progress of lithium-rich sulfate type salt lake brine evaporation experiment [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(4): 1-7.
[5]	SU Xin, LAI Dongmei, ZHOU Yuan, ZHU Xiaping. Study on preparation process of strontium rich functional salt from Zigong underground brine [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(3): 45-50.
[6]	WEI Jincai, CHEN Jingyuan, SONG Guichun, JIA Jiantuan, GONG Guoli. Study on efficiency of liquefaction mining of solid potassium ore in western Qarhan area of Qarhan Salt Lake [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(3): 70-79.
[7]	LI Zhiwei, FU Zhenhai, ZHANG Zhihong, LI Shengting. Prediction model of brine evaporation rate based on back-propagation neural network [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(1): 53-58.
[8]	CHEN Haixia, YAN Hong, SUN Yunlong, MA Guoqiang. Research progress of lithium resource extraction technology [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(1): 9-22.
[9]	FU Yu, DENG Mi, HUANG Donggen, WAN Jinbao. Research progress of lithium extraction technology from salt lake brine [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(9): 9-16.
[10]	LI Yan, MA Zhen, SONG Xingfu. New development advance and industrial development proposals of chloride-type salt lake potassium resources in Qinghai [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(8): 84-90.
[11]	LU Nana, QIN Yaru, MA Shuqing, WANG Qihui, LIU Bing, SHI Chenglong. Study on extraction of lithium from simulated old brine of salt lake by pyridine ionic liquid system [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(7): 45-50.
[12]	WANG Jiming, NIE Zhen, FAN Fu, GUO Tingfeng, HAN Jiahuan. Study on potassium and lithium resource loss in brine of West Taijinar Salt Lake and simulated evaporation process [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(5): 31-38.
[13]	MA Xue, ZHOU Yuan, HUANG Chao, ZHU Xiaping. Study on preparation process of high purity calcium citrate from Zigong underground yellow brine [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(4): 60-64.
[14]	YAN Fangning,GUO Jinchun,HUANG Xueli,ZHOU Tingting,WANG Xueying,LUO Qinglong,ZOU Xuejing. Study on phase equilibrium of quinary system of Li⁺，Na⁺，Mg²⁺//SO₄^2-，Cl^--H₂O at 258.15 K [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(2): 61-66.
[15]	CUI Xiangmei, PAN Tongtong, LUO Qinglong, BIAN Fuxuan, YE Xiushen. Preparation of amino alcohol modified GO/CNTs composite aerogel and boron adsorption from salt lake brines [J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(12): 59-65.