建设世界级盐湖产业基地的战略思考

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0623

Abstract

Abstract:

The practical needs and important strategic significance of constructing a world-class salt lake industrial base in Qinghai province were pointed out,and the contribution and current situation of the development of salt lake industry in Qinghai province were systematically analyzed.Then,using the foundation enterprise market（GEM） model,the problems existing in the development of salt lake industry in Qinghai province from the three dimensions of resources,enterprises and markets were analyzed,including the low utilization rate of salt lake resources,less high value-added products,weak hydropower transportation facilities,high cost of production factors,limited strength of core enterprises,insufficient investment in scientific and technological innovation,unclose of industry university research cooperation,hysteretic innovation platform；insufficient development of overseas markets,and weak international competitiveness of the industry.Finally,from the three dimensions of improving the efficiency of natural resources utilization,strengthening infrastructure construction and other basic elements,improving the ability of independent innovation,promoting cross-border industrial integration and other enterprise elements,improving the“big data+”platform,promoting international cooperation in resource development and other market elements,the strategic thinking of Qinghai province to construct a world-class salt lake industrial base was put forward.

Key words: salt lake, industrial base, GEM model

CLC Number:

TD985

LIU Jia, GE Fei, ZHONG Yongheng, WANG Hui, SHI Haijian, ZHAO Zhanyi, LI Leiming. Strategic thinking on constructing world-class salt lake industrial base[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(10): 30-36.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Table 3

References 43

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湖区名称	地质概况	勘察矿种	资源量/万t	文献
察尔汗	干盐湖,盐滩面积为5 856 km²,以固体钾盐和晶间卤水为主	氯化钾	53 981.000	[12-13]
		氯化镁	276 731.000	[12-13]
		氯化锂	1 988.000	[12-13]
		氯化钠	8 606 092.000	[12-13]
大浪滩	半干盐湖,面积为500 km²,固液并存,以液体矿为主	氯化钾（固体）	2 451.730	[14]
		氯化锂（液体）	10.470	[14]
		硫酸钾	23 581.220	[14]
昆特依	干盐湖,面积为 1 680 km²,固液并存,液体为主	钾盐（固体）	111.000	[15]
昆特依	干盐湖,面积为 1 680 km²,固液并存,液体为主	钾盐（液体）氯化镁（液体）	13 230.000 279.000	[15] [15]
马海	干盐湖,盐滩面积为2 000 km²,以固体钾盐和晶间卤水为主	钾盐（固体）	788.680	[16]
		氯化钠（固体）	2 962 656.010	[16]
		镁盐（固体）	405.960	[16]
大柴旦湖	盐滩面积为 1 150 km²	氯化钾（液体）	324.210	[17-18]
		氯化锂（液体）	29.392	[17]
		氯化钠（液体）	4 989.970	[17]
		氯化钠（固体）	5 6149.550	[17]
		氯化镁（液体）	889.757	[17]
		硫酸镁（液体）	1 841.149	[17]
		硫酸钠（固体）	12 594.050	[17]
一里坪盐湖	盐湖面积为483 km²	氯化锂（固体）	92.074	[18]
		氯化锂（液体）	189.700	[18-19]
		氯化钾（固体）	900.360	[18-19]
		氯化钾（液体）	1 865.870	[18-19]
东台吉乃尔盐湖	盐湖面积为314 km²	氯化钾	1 265.000	[18]
东台吉乃尔盐湖	盐湖面积为314 km²	氯化锂	210.060	[18]
西台吉乃尔盐湖	总面积为570 km²	氯化钠（固体）	466 806.890	[18]
		氯化钠（液体）	22 884.430	[18]
		氯化镁（固体）	2 325.320	[18]
		氯化镁（液体）	12 933.990	[18]
		氯化钾（固体）	2 125.970	[18]
		氯化钾（液体）	2 073.100	[18]
		氯化锂（固体）	262.830	[18]
别勒滩	总面积为1 500 km²	钾盐（固体）	1 267.000	[20]

产业	龙头企业	主要产品概况	设计产能/（万t∙a^-1）	2020年产量/万t
钾肥^①	青海盐湖工业股份有限公司	氯化钾	550.00	551.75
	格尔木藏格钾肥有限公司	氯化钾	200.00	111.51
	青海中信国安科技发展有限公司	硫酸钾、氯化钾、硫酸钾镁肥	76.60	42.12（E）
锂矿^②	青海盐湖蓝科锂业股份有限公司	碳酸锂	1.00	1.36
	青海恒信融锂业科技有限公司	碳酸锂	1.00	0.50
	青海东台吉乃尔湖锂资源股份有限公司	碳酸锂	2.00	—
	格尔木藏格锂业有限公司	碳酸锂	2.00	0.44
	青海锂业有限公司	碳酸锂	1.00	1.00
镁盐^③	青海香江盐湖开发有限公司察尔汗盐湖团结湖镁盐矿	氯化镁	20.00	19.88（E）
	青海香江盐湖开发有限公司团结湖镁盐矿	氯化镁	12.00	12.37（E）
	青海金锋实业有限公司	氯化镁	2.00	2.00
硼矿^④	青海中天硼锂矿业有限公司	硼酸	5.00	0.65
硼矿^④	大柴旦大华化工有限公司	硼矿	2.50	0.48
钠盐^⑤	青海省盐业股份有限公司	氯化钠	130.00	116.91（E）

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Inorganic Acid-Base-Salt Committee of CIESC

Strategic thinking on constructing world-class salt lake industrial base

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园区	特色产业	文献
格尔木	重点发展氯化钾、硫酸钾、硫酸钾镁肥、碳酸锂、硼酸	[24]
德令哈	“石灰石、原盐－纯碱－尾渣－水泥-加砌块砖-氯化钙”、“盐湖提钾氯化镁-高纯氢氧化镁/氧化镁-电熔镁砂-烧结镁砂”两条循环经济产业链	[25]
茫崖	构建了“盐湖资源-氯化钾/硫酸钾/硫酸钾镁肥”产业链	[26]
大柴旦	构建了 “盐湖/硼矿-硼酸-硼酸钠”、“盐湖-氯化钾/硫酸钾/硫酸钾镁肥”、“盐湖-硫酸镁-医用硫酸镁”、“盐湖-氯化锂/碳酸锂/磷酸锂”产业发展体系	[27]
乌兰	主要发展高端食用盐及高纯度氯化钾,构建了“盐湖-钠资源-日晒盐-精制盐”产业链	[28-29]

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