氨水微波改性活性炭及其吸附分离多环芳烃的研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2025-0166

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多环芳烃（PAHs）含量过高会显著影响柴油品质并造成环境污染，针对柴油中PAHs的高效去除需求，采用氨水微波改性法制备改性活性炭（WMAC）。通过表征不同改性条件下样品的表面形貌、孔结构及表面性质，并以模拟油品为原料，利用固定床吸附分离装置考察其PAHs的分离性能。结果表明：600 W微波功率改性的WMAC-600W样品的比表面积（1 059 m²/g）比未改性活性炭AC的比表面积提升了65.7%，总孔容（0.66 cm³/g）比未改性活性炭AC的总孔容提升了78.4%，平均孔径增加了17.4%；在20 ℃时其对甲基萘的静态吸附量（98.34 mg/g）较AC提高了80.9%，动态饱和吸附量（196.47 mg/g）提高99.0%，且经5次再生后仍保持良好的吸附稳定性。在模拟柴油吸附分离中，WMAC-600W样品的PAHs平均解吸时间较MAC-10-5缩短6 min，解吸量显著增加，对商品柴油中PAHs的吸附量高达187.34 mg/g。研究表明，氨水微波改性可通过优化活性炭的孔结构与表面化学性质，显著提升其吸附分离性能，WMAC-600W可作为柴油中PAHs高效去除的潜在吸附材料。

关键词: 活性炭, 多环芳烃, 吸附分离, 微波改性

Abstract:

Excessive content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） can significantly affect the quality of diesel and cause environmental pollution.In response to the demand for efficient removal of PAHs in diesel，modified activated carbon（WMAC） was prepared by ammonia water microwave modification method in this study.By characterizing the surface morphology，pore structure and surface properties of the samples under different modification conditions，and using simulated oil products as raw materials，the PAHs separation performance was investigated by using a fixed-bed adsorption separation device.The results showed that the specific surface area of WMAC-600W modified by 600 W microwave power reached 1 059 m²/g（65.7% higher than that of unmodified activated carbon AC），the total pore volume was 0.66 cm³/g（78.4% higher），and the average pore diameter was increased by 17.4%.The static adsorption capacity of methyl naphthalene was 98.34 mg/g（80.9% higher than AC）at 20 ℃，the dynamic saturated adsorption capacity reached 196.47 mg/g（99.0% higher），and it still maintained good adsorption stability after five regenerations.In the simulated diesel adsorption separation，the average desorption time of PAHs of WMAC-600W was shortened by 6 min compared with MAC-10-5，the desorption capacity was increased significantly，and the adsorption capacity of PAHs in commercial diesel was as high as 187.34 mg/g.The studies showed that microwave modification of ammonia water could significantly improve the adsorption and separation performance of activated carbon by optimizing its pore structure and surface chemical properties.WMAC-600W could be used as a potential adsorption material for the efficient removal of PAHs in diesel.

Key words: activated carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, adsorption separation, microwave modification

中图分类号:

TQ127.1

李磊, 韩恩山, 李滨, 孙振海, 何艳贞. 氨水微波改性活性炭及其吸附分离多环芳烃的研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2026, 58(3): 65-71.

LI Lei, HAN Enshan, LI Bin, SUN Zhenhai, HE Yanzhen. Study on microwave modification of activated carbon by ammonia and its adsorption for separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2026, 58(3): 65-71.

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组分	质量分数/%	备注
三甲苯	25	单环芳烃组分
十氢萘	25	环烷烃组分
四氢萘	20	环烷芳烃组分
十二烷	15	链烷烃组分
甲基萘	15	双环芳烃组分

样品	比表面积/ （m²·g^-1）	总孔容/ （cm³·g^-1）	平均孔径/ nm
AC	639	0.37	2.3
MAC-10-5	771	0.46	2.4
WMAC-400W	945	0.58	2.5
WMAC-600W	1 059	0.66	2.7
WMAC-800W	992	0.61	2.6

T/℃	静态饱和吸附量/（mg·g^-1）
T/℃	AC	MAC-10-5	WMAC-400W	WMAC-600W	WMAC-800W
20	54.37	69.12	87.31	98.34	91.18
40	52.38	63.92	82.48	92.25	85.47
60	48.23	62.62	78.52	87.46	82.94
80	43.73	57.45	71.28	81.12	75.47
100	41.97	51.22	66.80	79.82	73.05

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