无机盐工业 ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 1-10.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0325
• 镁资源高值化利用 • 下一篇
收稿日期:
2024-06-11
出版日期:
2025-05-10
发布日期:
2024-07-18
通讯作者:
何伟(1971— ),男,教授,主要研究方向为储能材料领域;E-mail:hwdut@126.com。作者简介:
孙梦媛(1999— ),女,硕士在读,主要研究方向为无机纤维制备;E-mail:2290818328@qq.com。
SUN Mengyuan(), HE Wei(
), WANG Chen
Received:
2024-06-11
Published:
2025-05-10
Online:
2024-07-18
摘要:
随着人口增长和工业化的快速发展,大量有毒有害物质未经处理直接排放,对水环境造成了严重污染。吸附法因其操作简便、效率高而被广泛应用于水处理领域,因此开发高效且廉价的吸附剂成为当前研究的重点。氧化镁纤维不仅具有氧化镁耐高温、无毒和环境友好的特性,还兼具纤维材料的高比表面积和良好的自支撑性能,是一种极具潜力的吸附材料。通过将氧化镁与其他材料复合得到的氧化镁基复合纤维,能够进一步丰富纤维的活性位点,改善氧化镁纤维力学性能。系统介绍了氧化镁纤维及其复合纤维的常见制备方法,即离心纺丝法、静电纺丝方法、模板法等;综述了近年来国内外氧化镁纤维及氧化镁基复合纤维的发展现状,重点介绍其在吸附领域的研究进展和应用方向;最后指出发展氧化镁纤维及其复合纤维需要解决的问题和面临的挑战,并对此进行展望。
中图分类号:
孙梦媛, 何伟, 王晨. 氧化镁纤维及其复合纤维制备与吸附领域研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(5): 1-10.
SUN Mengyuan, HE Wei, WANG Chen. Research progress of preparation and adsorption of magnesium oxide fibers and their composite fibers[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(5): 1-10.
表1
静电纺丝过程主要影响参数
主要参数 | 影响作用 | |
---|---|---|
助纺剂 | 分子质量 相对浓度 | 溶胶黏度随助纺剂分子质量和相对浓度的增加而提升,助纺剂需要有较高分子质量才能达到助纺效果。助纺剂溶解后分子质量会不断降低,因此久置会使溶胶可纺性降低 |
溶剂 | 挥发性 | 溶剂挥发性通过影响纤维固化过程,进而影响纤维形貌 |
纺丝液 | 黏度 | 较低的黏度有助于形成小直径的纤维,但溶胶黏度过低时不具备可纺性 |
电导率 | 高导电率的纺丝液更易形成小直径纤维,也更易被牵引出多条纤维 | |
表面张力 | 纺丝液表面张力过大时,会产生串珠纤维,还会造成纤维卷曲 | |
静电 纺丝 | 电压 | 电压较低时,电压对液滴的牵引力不足以克服表面张力,无法形成纤维;当收丝距离增加时,电压也需要提高 |
收丝距离 | 收丝距离过小,会导致溶剂蒸发不够完全,影响纤维形态;收丝距离过大,则需要较大的电压,影响出丝稳定 | |
供液速率 | 稳定的供液速率是形成稳定射流、均匀纤维的关键 | |
接收器 | 当使用辊筒接收时,辊筒转速能够影响纤维形貌,高速旋转的接收器还能够形成取向一致的纤维 | |
环境 | 温度 | 适当的提升温度能够增加聚合物的溶解度,提升纺丝液的可纺性,同时高温能够加速溶剂挥发,有助于纤维成型 |
湿度 | 湿度过高时,纤维表面会凝结水分,形成孔隙,破坏纤维结构的完整性,同时高湿度环境会显著降低溶剂的蒸发速率,不利于纤维的均匀成型;当湿度过低时,溶剂蒸发速度过快,会导致纤维过早干燥成型,容易造成针头堵塞 |
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