纳米氧化锌液相法制备技术进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2023-0370

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纳米氧化锌是一种新型无机功能材料，广泛用于橡胶、涂料、催化等领域。其液相法制备技术具有产物粒径及形貌易控制、经济成本低、易于实现工业化的优点。重点综述了包括微乳液法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热/溶剂热法和化学沉淀法在内的纳米氧化锌液相法制备技术，阐释了各方法的基本原理、关键影响因素，强调了过程强化技术在制备过程中的重要作用。进一步介绍了“气泡液膜法”的新思路，其特征在于通过表面活性剂与反应液、空气的快速混合，形成具有高堆密度微气泡的纳米反应环境，成核晶体在气泡间10~100 nm的液膜内限域生长，通过控制气泡间液膜厚度调控纳米粒子大小，所得产物粒径均一、不易团聚，有望实现低成本纳米氧化锌的连续规模化生产。

关键词: 氧化锌, 纳米颗粒, 液相法, 制备技术, 气泡液膜法

Abstract:

Zinc oxide nanoparticles are a kind of novel inorganic functional materials，which are widely used in various fields such as rubber，coating，and catalysis.The liquid-phase synthesis techniques for zinc oxide nanoparticles have the advantages of easy control of particle size and morphology，low economic cost and feasibility for industrial-scale production.A comprehensive review was conducted on liquid-phase methods for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles，including microemulsion，sol-gel，hydrothermal/solvothermal，and chemical precipitation methods.The basic principles and key influencing factors of each method were elucidated.The crucial role of process intensification techniques in the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles were emphasized.Furthermore，a novel approach of “bubble-liquid film method” was introduced.This method involved the rapid mixing of surfactants with the reaction solution and air to create a nanoscale reaction environment with high bubble density.The nucleated crystals grew within a liquid film of 10 to 100 nm between bubbles.By controlling the thickness of the liquid film between bubbles，the particle size of the product could be regulated，leading to uniform and non-agglomerated nanoparticles.This approach was expected to achieve low-cost，continuous，and large-scale production of zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Key words: zinc oxide, nanoparticle, liquid-phase method, preparation techniques, bubble-liquid film method

中图分类号:

TQ132.41

杨卓, 李春雷, 张鑫, 乔勉, 田玉琴, 宫源. 纳米氧化锌液相法制备技术进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(3): 1-11.

YANG Zhuo, LI Chunlei, ZHANG Xin, QIAO Mian, TIAN Yuqin, GONG Yuan. Progress of liquid-phase preparation technology of zinc oxide nanoparticles[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(3): 1-11.

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水平	变量
水平	锌源	沉淀剂	Zn²⁺浓度/ （mol·L^-1）	过饱和度/ %	溶剂	反应温度/ ℃	搅拌转速/ （r·min^-1）	反应时间/ min
1	ZnAc	NaOH	0.05	5	去离子水	50	300	30
2	Zn（NO₃）₂	（NH₄）₂CO₃	0.20	25	CH₃OH	70	500	60
3	—	NH₄OH	0.50	50	C₂H₅OH	90	1 000	120

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