半导体核壳材料光催化剂分解水制氢研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0187

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

光催化剂催化分解水制氢是一种将太阳能有效转化为氢能的绿色途径，其中半导体核壳材料光催化剂在太阳能分解水制氢中表现出优异的性能。主要从半导体材料改性角度出发，综述和评论了国内外半导体核壳材料光催化剂分解水制氢的最新研究进展。重点阐述了常见氧化物、氮氧化物、氮化物及硫化物核壳材料半导体光催化剂分解水制氢的基本原理和改性效果等。分析了掺杂离子、构建异质结、负载助催化剂等改性方法在改变光催化剂禁带宽度、降低光生载流子复合几率、加快光生电荷传输速率和增加制氢活性位点等方面的影响。提出未来分解水制氢光催化剂可深入开发晶面依赖纳米复合光催化材料、助剂改性光催化材料、新型光催化半导体材料的研究方向。

关键词: 半导体, 核壳结构, 光催化, 制氢

Abstract:

Photocatalytic decomposition of water to hydrogen is a green way to effectively convert solar energy to hydrogen energy.Among them，semiconductor core-shell photocatalyst shows excellent performance in solar decomposition of water to hydrogen.From the perspective of semiconductor material modification，the latest research progress of hydrogen production from water decomposition by semiconductor core-shell photocatalyst at home and abroad was reviewed and commented.The basic principles and modification effects of common oxides，nitrogen oxides，nitrides and sulfide core-shell semiconductor photocatalysts in hydrogen production from water decomposition were emphatically expounded.The effects of modification methods such as doping ions，constructing heterojunctions and loading co-catalysts on changing the band gap of photocatalyst，reducing the recombination probability of photogenerated carriers，accelerating the transmission rate of photogenerated charges and increasing the active sites of hydrogen production were analyzed.It was proposed that the future research direction of hydrogen production from water decomposition photocatalyst could be further developed for crystal-plane-dependent nano-composite photocatalytic materials，auxiliary-modified photocatalytic materials and new photocatalytic semiconductor materials.

Key words: semiconductor, core-shell structure, photochemical catalysis, hydrogen production

中图分类号:

O643.36

李亮荣, 杨小喆, 陈楚欣, 刘艳, 张梦玲, 丁永红. 半导体核壳材料光催化剂分解水制氢研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2023, 55(3): 10-20.

LI Liangrong, YANG Xiaozhe, CHEN Chuxin, LIU Yan, ZHANG Mengling, DING Yonghong. Research progress of photocatalytic water splitting of semiconductor core-shell materials for hydrogen production[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(3): 10-20.

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类型	种类	吸收边/ nm	优点	产氢速率/ （μmol·g^-1·h^-1）
氧化物核壳材料^[16-33]	Cr₂O₃/C@TiO₂	520	禁带宽度窄，对可见光响应更敏感；比表面积大，制氢活性位点多	446.00
	GNR@TiO₂	750		31.00
	ZnO@ZnS	390		126.18
	WO₃@ZnIn₂S₄	500		3 900.00
	MoS₂/SrTiO₃@g-C₃N₄	450		1 647.41
氮氧化物核壳材料^[34-37]	Rh₂O₃/Ta₂O₅@TaON	550	有效抑制光生载流子复合，延长光生电荷使用寿命	39.41
氮氧化物核壳材料^[34-37]	LaKNaTaO₅@LaTaON₂	620	有效抑制光生载流子复合，延长光生电荷使用寿命	~106.67
氮化物核壳材料^[38-42]	Ta₃N₅@ZnIn₂S₄	572	不易光腐蚀，光稳定性强可循环利用，电荷传输性能高，光生电荷分离快	834.86
氮化物核壳材料^[38-42]	Cu₂O@g-C₃N₄	470 530	不易光腐蚀，光稳定性强可循环利用，电荷传输性能高，光生电荷分离快	265
硫化物核壳材料^[43-50]	WS₂/CdS@ZCS	535	捕获和利用光能力强，不易光腐蚀，稳定性强，光催化产氢效率高	34 860.00
	ZnS@NiO	370		162 100.00
	ZnSnO₃@ZnIn₂S₄	500		16 340.18

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