抗污染陶瓷膜改性及其在处理含油污水中的应用

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0653

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

陶瓷膜是处理含油污水最有前景的方法之一。膜污染是处理过程中不可避免的现象，导致能耗增加和寿命降低，因此提高陶瓷膜在含油污水处理中的抗污染性非常重要。首先总结了陶瓷膜的各种改性方法，对比了改性陶瓷膜的性能。除了传统的溶胶-凝胶法和浸涂法外，原子层沉积法在控制层厚度和调整孔径方面也有望用于陶瓷膜改性。增强表面亲水性和表面电荷是提高陶瓷膜处理含油污水性能的两种最常用策略。纳米金属氧化物，如TiO₂、ZrO₂和Fe₂O₃以及氧化石墨烯被认为是陶瓷膜改性的潜在候选物，用于提高通量和降低污染。被动抗污陶瓷膜，例如光催化和带电陶瓷膜，在污垢控制、油截留和通量增强方面展现出潜力。最后对陶瓷膜的市场规模和发展趋势进行了展望，指出必须加速高端抗污染陶瓷膜的研发，以满足更复杂的含油污水处理，例如油田含聚污水、压裂返排液等。

关键词: 陶瓷膜, 抗污染, 改性, 含油污水

Abstract:

Ceramic membrane is one of the most promising methods to treat oily wastewater.Membrane fouling is an inevitable phenomenon in the treatment process，leading to increased energy consumption and reduced life.Therefore，it is very important to improve the antifouling of ceramic membrane in oily wastewater treatment.Firstly，various modification methods of ceramic membranes were summarized，and the properties of modified ceramic membranes were compared.In addition to the traditional sol-gel method and dip coating method，the atomic layer deposition method was also expected to be used for ceramic membrane modification in terms of controlling the thickness of the layer and adjusting the pore diameter.Enhancing surface hydrophilicity and surface charge were two of the most commonly used strategies to improve the performance of ceramic membranes for oily wastewater treatment.Nanometer metal oxides，such as TiO₂，ZrO₂，Fe₂O₃ and graphene oxide，were considered as potential candidates for ceramic membrane modification to improve flux and reduce pollution.Passive antifouling ceramic membranes，such as photocatalysis and charged ceramic membranes，showed potential in fouling control，oil interception and flux enhancement.Finally，the market scale and development trend of ceramic membrane were prospected.It was pointed out that the research and production of high-end anti pollution ceramic membrane should be accelerated to meet the requirements of more complex oily wastewater treatment，such as oilfield polymer containing wastewater，fracturing flowback fluid，etc.

Key words: ceramic membrane, antifouling, modification, oily wastewater

中图分类号:

TQ174.7

李阳, 臧毅华, 袁标, 盛春光. 抗污染陶瓷膜改性及其在处理含油污水中的应用[J]. 无机盐工业, 2023, 55(9): 33-42.

LI Yang, ZANG Yihua, YUAN Biao, SHENG Chunguang. Modification of antifouling ceramic membrane and its application of oily wastewater treatment[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(9): 33-42.

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改性方法	膜厚	适用材料	优点	缺点
溶胶-凝胶^［21-22］	0.05~4 μm	γ-Al₂O₃、ZrO₂、TiO₂或其混合物	孔径分布窄、组分简单、易于规模化生产	易产生缺陷、颗粒易聚集
浸凃^［25］	0.1~100 μm	绝大多数无机材料	工艺简单	易产生缺陷，厚度较厚
表面接枝^［33］	—	有机硅材料	膜厚可控、化学性质可调	应用范围窄
掺杂^［50］	—	绝大多数无机材料	工艺简单、成本低	膜孔径较大，仅适用于超滤膜和微滤膜
水热^［40］	1~10 μm	金属氧化物	工艺简单	合成时间长、能耗高
CVD^{［10，43-44］}	4 nm~10 μm	绝大多数材料	膜层均匀性好、缺陷少	运行温度高、成本高
ALD^［45-49］	≤10 nm	绝大多数材料	膜层均匀性好、缺陷少、厚度薄、沉积温度低（相比于CVD）	成本高、难以规模化生产

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